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decltype.cpp
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decltype.cpp
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//
// Created by light on 19-11-3.
//
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
// 1.used to declare return tyoes 返回类型
// c++2.0之前编译不出来
// template<typename T1, typename T2>
// decltype(x + y) add(T1 x, T2 y);
// 编译器编不出来在2.0之后变成下面这个,先用auto暂定,后面返回类型为decltype(x+y)
template <typename T1, typename T2>
auto add(T1 x, T2 y) -> decltype(x + y)
{ // -> 也用在lambda
return x + y;
}
class Person
{
public:
string firstname;
string lastname;
};
int main()
{
// 1.used to declare return tyoes
cout << add(1, 2) << endl;
// 2.模板元编程 例如在一个模板函数或类获取容器的value_type,这里就不封装了,直接写在main函数里面
// 获得表达式的type 有点像typeof()特点
map<string, float> coll;
// 获取上述类型
decltype(coll)::value_type m{"as", 1}; // value_type为pair<string,int> m
cout << m.first << " " << m.second << endl;
pair<string, int> p{"a", 2};
cout << p.first << " " << p.second << endl;
// 3.used to pass the type of a lambda
// 比大小
auto cmp = [](const Person &p1, const Person &p2)
{
return p1.lastname < p2.lastname;
};
// 对于lambda,我们往往只有object,很少有人能够写出它的类型,而有时就需要知道它的类型,要获得其type,就要借助其decltype
set<Person, decltype(cmp)> col(cmp);
return 0;
}