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README.hardware
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Yocto Project Hardware Reference BSPs README
============================================
This file gives details about using the Yocto Project hardware reference BSPs.
The machines supported can be seen in the conf/machine/ directory and are listed
below. There is one per supported hardware architecture and these are primarily
used to validate that the Yocto Project works on the hardware arctectures of
those machines.
If you are in doubt about using Poky/OpenEmbedded/Yocto Project with your hardware,
consult the documentation for your board/device.
Support for additional devices is normally added by adding BSP layers to your
configuration. For more information please see the Yocto Board Support Package
(BSP) Developer's Guide - documentation source is in documentation/bspguide or
download the PDF from:
http://yoctoproject.org/documentation
Note that these reference BSPs use the linux-yocto kernel and in general don't
pull in binary module support for the platforms. This means some device functionality
may be limited compared to a 'full' BSP which may be available.
Hardware Reference Boards
=========================
The following boards are supported by the meta-yocto-bsp layer:
* Texas Instruments Beaglebone (beaglebone-yocto)
* Ubiquiti Networks EdgeRouter Lite (edgerouter)
* General IA platforms (genericx86 and genericx86-64)
For more information see the board's section below. The appropriate MACHINE
variable value corresponding to the board is given in brackets.
Reference Board Maintenance
===========================
Send pull requests, patches, comments or questions about meta-yocto-bsps to poky@yoctoproject.org
Maintainers: Kevin Hao <kexin.hao@windriver.com>
Bruce Ashfield <bruce.ashfield@windriver.com>
Consumer Devices
================
The following consumer devices are supported by the meta-yocto-bsp layer:
* Intel x86 based PCs and devices (genericx86)
* Ubiquiti Networks EdgeRouter Lite (edgerouter)
For more information see the device's section below. The appropriate MACHINE
variable value corresponding to the device is given in brackets.
Specific Hardware Documentation
===============================
Intel x86 based PCs and devices (genericx86*)
=============================================
The genericx86 and genericx86-64 MACHINE are tested on the following platforms:
Intel Xeon/Core i-Series:
+ Intel NUC5 Series - ix-52xx Series SOC (Broadwell)
+ Intel NUC6 Series - ix-62xx Series SOC (Skylake)
+ Intel Shumway Xeon Server
Intel Atom platforms:
+ MinnowBoard MAX - E3825 SOC (Bay Trail)
+ MinnowBoard MAX - Turbot (ADI Engineering) - E3826 SOC (Bay Trail)
- These boards can be either 32bot or 64bit modes depending on firmware
- See minnowboard.org for details
+ Intel Braswell SOC
and is likely to work on many unlisted Atom/Core/Xeon based devices. The MACHINE
type supports ethernet, wifi, sound, and Intel/vesa graphics by default in
addition to common PC input devices, busses, and so on.
Depending on the device, it can boot from a traditional hard-disk, a USB device,
or over the network. Writing generated images to physical media is
straightforward with a caveat for USB devices. The following examples assume the
target boot device is /dev/sdb, be sure to verify this and use the correct
device as the following commands are run as root and are not reversable.
USB Device:
1. Build a live image. This image type consists of a simple filesystem
without a partition table, which is suitable for USB keys, and with the
default setup for the genericx86 machine, this image type is built
automatically for any image you build. For example:
$ bitbake core-image-minimal
2. Use the "dd" utility to write the image to the raw block device. For
example:
# dd if=core-image-minimal-genericx86.hddimg of=/dev/sdb
If the device fails to boot with "Boot error" displayed, or apparently
stops just after the SYSLINUX version banner, it is likely the BIOS cannot
understand the physical layout of the disk (or rather it expects a
particular layout and cannot handle anything else). There are two possible
solutions to this problem:
1. Change the BIOS USB Device setting to HDD mode. The label will vary by
device, but the idea is to force BIOS to read the Cylinder/Head/Sector
geometry from the device.
2. Use a ".wic" image with an EFI partition
a) With a default grub-efi bootloader:
# dd if=core-image-minimal-genericx86-64.wic of=/dev/sdb
b) Use systemd-boot instead
- Build an image with EFI_PROVIDER="systemd-boot" then use the above
dd command to write the image to a USB stick.
Texas Instruments Beaglebone (beaglebone-yocto)
===============================================
The Beaglebone is an ARM Cortex-A8 development board with USB, Ethernet, 2D/3D
accelerated graphics, audio, serial, JTAG, and SD/MMC. The Black adds a faster
CPU, more RAM, eMMC flash and a micro HDMI port. The beaglebone MACHINE is
tested on the following platforms:
o Beaglebone Black A6
o Beaglebone A6 (the original "White" model)
The Beaglebone Black has eMMC, while the White does not. Pressing the USER/BOOT
button when powering on will temporarily change the boot order. But for the sake
of simplicity, these instructions assume you have erased the eMMC on the Black,
so its boot behavior matches that of the White and boots off of SD card. To do
this, issue the following commands from the u-boot prompt:
# mmc dev 1
# mmc erase 0 512
To further tailor these instructions for your board, please refer to the
documentation at http://www.beagleboard.org/bone and http://www.beagleboard.org/black
From a Linux system with access to the image files perform the following steps:
1. Build an image. For example:
$ bitbake core-image-minimal
2. Use the "dd" utility to write the image to the SD card. For example:
# dd if=core-image-minimal-beaglebone-yocto.wic of=/dev/sdb
3. Insert the SD card into the Beaglebone and boot the board.
Ubiquiti Networks EdgeRouter Lite (edgerouter)
==============================================
The EdgeRouter Lite is part of the EdgeMax series. It is a MIPS64 router
(based on the Cavium Octeon processor) with 512MB of RAM, which uses an
internal USB pendrive for storage.
Setup instructions
------------------
You will need the following:
* RJ45 -> serial ("rollover") cable connected from your PC to the CONSOLE
port on the device
* Ethernet connected to the first ethernet port on the board
If using NFS as part of the setup process, you will also need:
* NFS root setup on your workstation
* TFTP server installed on your workstation (if fetching the kernel from
TFTP, see below).
--- Preparation ---
Build an image (e.g. core-image-minimal) using "edgerouter" as the MACHINE.
In the following instruction it is based on core-image-minimal. Another target
may be similiar with it.
--- Booting from NFS root / kernel via TFTP ---
Load the kernel, and boot the system as follows:
1. Get the kernel (vmlinux) file from the tmp/deploy/images/edgerouter
directory, and make them available on your TFTP server.
2. Connect the board's first serial port to your workstation and then start up
your favourite serial terminal so that you will be able to interact with
the serial console. If you don't have a favourite, picocom is suggested:
$ picocom /dev/ttyS0 -b 115200
3. Power up or reset the board and press a key on the terminal when prompted
to get to the U-Boot command line
4. Set up the environment in U-Boot:
=> setenv ipaddr <board ip>
=> setenv serverip <tftp server ip>
5. Download the kernel and boot:
=> tftp tftp $loadaddr vmlinux
=> bootoctlinux $loadaddr coremask=0x3 root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=<nfsroot ip>:<rootfs path> ip=<board ip>:<server ip>:<gateway ip>:<netmask>:edgerouter:eth0:off mtdparts=phys_mapped_flash:512k(boot0),512k(boot1),64k@3072k(eeprom)
--- Booting from USB disk ---
To boot from the USB disk, you either need to remove it from the edgerouter
box and populate it from another computer, or use a previously booted NFS
image and populate from the edgerouter itself.
Type 1: Use partitioned image
-----------------------------
Steps:
1. Remove the USB disk from the edgerouter and insert it into a computer
that has access to your build artifacts.
2. Flash the image.
# dd if=core-image-minimal-edgerouter.wic of=/dev/sdb
3. Insert USB disk into the edgerouter and boot it.
Type 2: NFS
-----------
Note: If you place the kernel on the ext3 partition, you must re-create the
ext3 filesystem, since the factory u-boot can only handle 128 byte inodes and
cannot read the partition otherwise.
These boot instructions assume that you have recreated the ext3 filesystem with
128 byte inodes, you have an updated uboot or you are running and image capable
of making the filesystem on the board itself.
1. Boot from NFS root
2. Mount the USB disk partition 2 and then extract the contents of
tmp/deploy/core-image-XXXX.tar.bz2 into it.
Before starting, copy core-image-minimal-xxx.tar.bz2 and vmlinux into
rootfs path on your workstation.
and then,
# mount /dev/sda2 /media/sda2
# tar -xvjpf core-image-minimal-XXX.tar.bz2 -C /media/sda2
# cp vmlinux /media/sda2/boot/vmlinux
# umount /media/sda2
# reboot
3. Reboot the board and press a key on the terminal when prompted to get to the U-Boot
command line:
# reboot
4. Load the kernel and boot:
=> ext2load usb 0:2 $loadaddr boot/vmlinux
=> bootoctlinux $loadaddr coremask=0x3 root=/dev/sda2 rw rootwait mtdparts=phys_mapped_flash:512k(boot0),512k(boot1),64k@3072k(eeprom)