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connections.html
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title: Ohio People and Places
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<h1>Ohio's Connections</h1>
<p>Highlights of Ohio's significance to woman suffrage history</p>
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<h3>From the first days of the movement, long before 1848 and Seneca Falls, Ohio and Ohioans led the nation in campaigning for equal rights and opportunities for women.</h3>
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<h4>1828</h4>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Wright" target="_blank">Frances Wright</a> becomes the first woman in the United States to speak in public, launching what would become an international speaking career in the Hamilton County (Ohio) courthouse. An abolitionist and woman's rights activist dubbed "The Red Harlot of Infidelity," Wright persisted despite harsh criticism and threats of physical violence.</p>
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<h4>1848</h4>
<p>Less than 2 months after his participation in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention" target="_blank">Seneca Falls Convention</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" target="_blank">Frederick Douglass</a> led the <a href="https://case.edu/ech/articles/n/national-convention-of-black-freemen" target="_blank">National Convention of Black Freemen</a> in Cleveland, Ohio, which became the very first national convention to permit participation by women when a <a href="http://coloredconventions.org/items/show/280" target="_blank">"Mrs. Sanford"</a> was allowed to address the participants.</p>
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<h4>1850</h4>
<p>Activists in Salem, Ohio host the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Women%27s_Convention_at_Salem_in_1850" target="_blank">Ohio Women's Convention</a>, the first convention to be run and organized entirely by women.</p>
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<h4>1851</h4>
<p><a href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Sojourner_Truth" target="_blank">Sojourner Truth</a> delivers her <a href="http://sojournertruthmemorial.org/sojourner-truth/her-words/" target="_blank">"Ain't I a Woman?" speech</a> at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron.</p>
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<h4>1869</h4>
<p>Inspired by events he witnessed at the 1850 Ohio Women's Convention at Salem as a young man, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Allen_Campbell" target="_blank">John Allen Campbell</a>, first territorial governor of Wyoming, signs into law a bill establishing Wyoming as the first place in the United States to extend equal suffrage to women.</p>
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<h4>1869</h4>
<p>The <a href="http://www.crusadeforthevote.org/awsa-organize/" target="_blank">American Woman Suffrage Association</a> is formed at a meeting in Cleveland, Ohio.</p>
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<h4>1870</h4>
<p><a href="http://www.victoria-woodhull.com/whoisvw.htm" target="_blank">Victoria Woodhull</a> of Homer, Ohio becomes the first female candidate for president of the United States.</p>
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<h4>1872</h4>
<p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" target="_blank">Liberal Republican Party</a>, formed in 1870, holds its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Liberal_Republican_convention" target="_blank">only national convention</a> in Cincinnati in 1872. <a href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/susan-b-anthony" target="_blank">Susan B. Anthony</a> and <a href="http://www.herhatwasinthering.org/biography.php?id=7651" target="_blank">Laura De Force Gordon</a> ask to be admitted.</p>
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<h4>1876</h4>
<p>The Republican party holds its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_Republican_National_Convention" target="_blank">national convention</a> in Cincinnati.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" target="_blank">Frederick Douglass</a> addresses the convention on the first day (June 14). <a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/39023154/" target="_blank">Sarah J. Spencer</a> of the <a href="http://www.crusadeforthevote.org/nwsa-organize/" target="_blank">National Woman Suffrage Association</a> is permitted 10 minutes to address the convention. A memorial written by <a href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/susan-b-anthony" target="_blank">Susan B. Anthony</a> is presented.</p>
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<h4>1880</h4>
<p>The Democratic party holds its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" target="_blank">national convention</a> in Cincinnati. <a href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/susan-b-anthony" target="_blank">Susan B. Anthony</a> is permitted to ascend to the platform, but a clerk reads the memorial from the <a href="http://www.crusadeforthevote.org/nwsa-organize/" target="_blank">National Woman Suffrage Association</a> presented to the convention. National Woman Suffrage Association representatives include <a href="https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/matilda-joslyn-gage/" target="_blank">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a>, <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/133906828/sara-spencer" target="_blank">Sarah Andrew Spencer</a>, Ellen H. Sheldon, and <a href="https://lewissuffragecollection.omeka.net/items/show/1155" target="_blank">Jane H. Spofford</a> in addition to Anthony.</p>
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<h4>1903 to 1910</h4>
<p>The <a href="http://www.crusadeforthevote.org/nwsa-organize/" target="_blank">National Woman Suffrage Association</a> is headquartered in Warren, Ohio.</p>
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<h4>1904</h4>
<p>Suffragist <a href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/steinem-pauline-perlmutter" target="_blank">Pauline Perlmutter Steinem</a> (grandmother to activist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" target="_blank">Gloria Steinem</a>) is elected to the Toledo school board, possibly becoming the very first Jewish woman elected to public office in the United States.</p>
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<h4>1920</h4>
<p>Suffragists declare Ohio as crucial to final effort for ratification in Tennessee as they seek the aid and influence of presidential candidates <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/warren-g-harding/" target="_blank">Warren G. Harding</a> (Marion, Ohio) and <a href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/James_M._Cox" target="_blank">James M. Cox</a> (Dayton, Ohio).</p>
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<p><h3>Learn more about Ohio's incredible role in woman suffrage</h3></p>
<p><a href="https://www.lakesideohio.com/assets/documents/FinalLakesideMarkingOhioWomen_.pdf" target="_blank">Marking Ohio Women’s Experience & Contributions: A Woman’s Place</a>, developed by Bari Oyler Stith, Ph.D, lists Ohio historical markers for women’s contributions throughout the state.</p>
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<h2>Are you planning an event in Ohio?</h2>
<p>Share your event with a national audience! Post it on the <a href="https://www.2020centennial.org/share-centennial-plans" target="_blank">Women' Vote Centennial Initiative (WVCI) national calendar</a>. Share your 2019-2020 Ohio suffrage centennial year plans using the form on the WVCI website, and your event will be added to the central calendar and the designated regional centennial calendar..</p>
<a class="btn btn-default btn-call-to-action" href="https://www.2020centennial.org/share-centennial-plans" target="_blank">Add your event now!</a>
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<h2>Important Dates</h2>
<p><b>June 4, 1919</b> Congress passed the 19th amendment.</p>
<p><b>June 16, 1919</b> Ohio became the 6th state to ratify the 19th amendment.</p>
<p><b>August 18, 1920</b> Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the 19th amendment, meeting the 3/4 threshold necessary for adoption.</p>
<p><b>August 26, 1920</b> The 19th amendment was adopted into law by the US Secretary of State.</p>
<p><b>March 22, 1984</b> Mississippi becomes the 48th (and final) state to ratify the 19th amendment, having first rejected the amendment on March 29, 1920.</p>
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