Include position information in annotations returned from sharded queries

[charleskorn]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

If a query is sharded and returns annotations, the annotations do not include position information.

For example, running the query sum(rate(foo[1m])) without sharding returns the annotation metric might not be a counter, name does not end in _total/_sum/_count/_bucket: "foo" (1:10), where the (1:10) refers to the position in the expression that the annotation relates to.

However, if the same query is run without sharding, then the annotation does not include position information. This can make it harder to understand what the annotation is referring to.

Describe the solution you'd like

Include position information in annotations returned for sharded queries.

Describe alternatives you've considered

(none)

Additional context

Discussed further here: #9138 (comment)