diff --git a/doc/changes/devel/bugfix.rst b/doc/changes/devel/bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c5ee5a6fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/changes/devel/bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix bug where :func:`mne.preprocessing.compute_proj_ecg` and :func:`mne.preprocessing.compute_proj_eog` could modify the default ``reject`` and ``flat`` arguments on multiple calls based on channel types present, by `Eric Larson`_.
diff --git a/mne/_fiff/open.py b/mne/_fiff/open.py
index 65a7bec33a8..5bfcb83a951 100644
--- a/mne/_fiff/open.py
+++ b/mne/_fiff/open.py
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ def show_fiff(
     return out
 
 
-def _find_type(value, fmts=["FIFF_"], exclude=["FIFF_UNIT"]):
+def _find_type(value, fmts=("FIFF_",), exclude=("FIFF_UNIT",)):
     """Find matching values."""
     value = int(value)
     vals = [
diff --git a/mne/_fiff/pick.py b/mne/_fiff/pick.py
index 86790e6e3e8..2722e91f517 100644
--- a/mne/_fiff/pick.py
+++ b/mne/_fiff/pick.py
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def channel_type(info, idx):
 
 
 @verbose
-def pick_channels(ch_names, include, exclude=[], ordered=None, *, verbose=None):
+def pick_channels(ch_names, include, exclude=(), ordered=None, *, verbose=None):
     """Pick channels by names.
 
     Returns the indices of ``ch_names`` in ``include`` but not in ``exclude``.
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ def _has_kit_refs(info, picks):
 
 @verbose
 def pick_channels_forward(
-    orig, include=[], exclude=[], ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
+    orig, include=(), exclude=(), ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
 ):
     """Pick channels from forward operator.
 
@@ -797,8 +797,8 @@ def pick_types_forward(
     seeg=False,
     ecog=False,
     dbs=False,
-    include=[],
-    exclude=[],
+    include=(),
+    exclude=(),
 ):
     """Pick by channel type and names from a forward operator.
 
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ def channel_indices_by_type(info, picks=None):
 
 @verbose
 def pick_channels_cov(
-    orig, include=[], exclude="bads", ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
+    orig, include=(), exclude="bads", ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
 ):
     """Pick channels from covariance matrix.
 
diff --git a/mne/channels/tests/test_channels.py b/mne/channels/tests/test_channels.py
index b403a0e6713..adfe63f93d9 100644
--- a/mne/channels/tests/test_channels.py
+++ b/mne/channels/tests/test_channels.py
@@ -438,8 +438,8 @@ def test_1020_selection():
     raw = raw.rename_channels(dict(zip(raw.ch_names, montage.ch_names)))
     raw.set_montage(montage)
 
-    for input in ("a_string", 100, raw, [1, 2]):
-        pytest.raises(TypeError, make_1020_channel_selections, input)
+    for input_ in ("a_string", 100, raw, [1, 2]):
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, make_1020_channel_selections, input_)
 
     sels = make_1020_channel_selections(raw.info)
     # are all frontal channels placed before all occipital channels?
diff --git a/mne/commands/mne_setup_source_space.py b/mne/commands/mne_setup_source_space.py
index b5654ecab7f..f5f5dc8b343 100644
--- a/mne/commands/mne_setup_source_space.py
+++ b/mne/commands/mne_setup_source_space.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def run():
     subjects_dir = options.subjects_dir
     spacing = options.spacing
     ico = options.ico
-    oct = options.oct
+    oct_ = options.oct
     surface = options.surface
     n_jobs = options.n_jobs
     add_dist = options.add_dist
@@ -130,20 +130,22 @@ def run():
     overwrite = True if options.overwrite is not None else False
 
     # Parse source spacing option
-    spacing_options = [ico, oct, spacing]
+    spacing_options = [ico, oct_, spacing]
     n_options = len([x for x in spacing_options if x is not None])
+    use_spacing = "oct6"
     if n_options > 1:
         raise ValueError("Only one spacing option can be set at the same time")
     elif n_options == 0:
         # Default to oct6
-        use_spacing = "oct6"
+        pass
     elif n_options == 1:
         if ico is not None:
             use_spacing = "ico" + str(ico)
-        elif oct is not None:
-            use_spacing = "oct" + str(oct)
+        elif oct_ is not None:
+            use_spacing = "oct" + str(oct_)
         elif spacing is not None:
             use_spacing = spacing
+    del ico, oct_, spacing
     # Generate filename
     if fname is None:
         if subject_to is None:
diff --git a/mne/cov.py b/mne/cov.py
index 311121c8f87..7b9a4b24252 100644
--- a/mne/cov.py
+++ b/mne/cov.py
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ def __iadd__(self, cov):
     def plot(
         self,
         info,
-        exclude=[],
+        exclude=(),
         colorbar=True,
         proj=False,
         show_svd=True,
diff --git a/mne/datasets/sleep_physionet/tests/test_physionet.py b/mne/datasets/sleep_physionet/tests/test_physionet.py
index 08b13c832c7..7cf57632057 100644
--- a/mne/datasets/sleep_physionet/tests/test_physionet.py
+++ b/mne/datasets/sleep_physionet/tests/test_physionet.py
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ def _check_mocked_function_calls(mocked_func, call_fname_hash_pairs, base_path):
     # order.
     for idx, current in enumerate(call_fname_hash_pairs):
         _, call_kwargs = mocked_func.call_args_list[idx]
-        hash_type, hash = call_kwargs["known_hash"].split(":")
+        hash_type, hash_ = call_kwargs["known_hash"].split(":")
         assert call_kwargs["url"] == _get_expected_url(current["name"]), idx
         assert Path(call_kwargs["path"], call_kwargs["fname"]) == _get_expected_path(
             base_path, current["name"]
         )
-        assert hash == current["hash"]
+        assert hash_ == current["hash"]
         assert hash_type == "sha1"
 
 
diff --git a/mne/decoding/tests/test_ssd.py b/mne/decoding/tests/test_ssd.py
index bdb3f74c545..e72e0ff81ad 100644
--- a/mne/decoding/tests/test_ssd.py
+++ b/mne/decoding/tests/test_ssd.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 
 def simulate_data(
-    freqs_sig=[9, 12],
+    freqs_sig=(9, 12),
     n_trials=100,
     n_channels=20,
     n_samples=500,
diff --git a/mne/epochs.py b/mne/epochs.py
index d1f76609356..2b437dca6b3 100644
--- a/mne/epochs.py
+++ b/mne/epochs.py
@@ -3662,7 +3662,7 @@ def _is_good(
     reject,
     flat,
     full_report=False,
-    ignore_chs=[],
+    ignore_chs=(),
     verbose=None,
 ):
     """Test if data segment e is good according to reject and flat.
@@ -4631,7 +4631,7 @@ def make_fixed_length_epochs(
     reject_by_annotation=True,
     proj=True,
     overlap=0.0,
-    id=1,
+    id=1,  # noqa: A002
     verbose=None,
 ):
     """Divide continuous raw data into equal-sized consecutive epochs.
diff --git a/mne/event.py b/mne/event.py
index 6bb8a1f604a..cfc112a2e8c 100644
--- a/mne/event.py
+++ b/mne/event.py
@@ -925,7 +925,13 @@ def shift_time_events(events, ids, tshift, sfreq):
 
 @fill_doc
 def make_fixed_length_events(
-    raw, id=1, start=0, stop=None, duration=1.0, first_samp=True, overlap=0.0
+    raw,
+    id=1,  # noqa: A002
+    start=0,
+    stop=None,
+    duration=1.0,
+    first_samp=True,
+    overlap=0.0,
 ):
     """Make a set of :term:`events` separated by a fixed duration.
 
diff --git a/mne/evoked.py b/mne/evoked.py
index a3f530076ac..c988368c314 100644
--- a/mne/evoked.py
+++ b/mne/evoked.py
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ def plot_topo(
         scalings=None,
         title=None,
         proj=False,
-        vline=[0.0],
+        vline=(0.0,),
         fig_background=None,
         merge_grads=False,
         legend=True,
diff --git a/mne/export/_export.py b/mne/export/_export.py
index 80a18d090d2..476a3f2f90a 100644
--- a/mne/export/_export.py
+++ b/mne/export/_export.py
@@ -211,9 +211,9 @@ def _infer_check_export_fmt(fmt, fname, supported_formats):
 
     if fmt not in supported_formats:
         supported = []
-        for format, extensions in supported_formats.items():
+        for fmt, extensions in supported_formats.items():
             ext_str = ", ".join(f"*.{ext}" for ext in extensions)
-            supported.append(f"{format} ({ext_str})")
+            supported.append(f"{fmt} ({ext_str})")
 
         supported_str = ", ".join(supported)
         raise ValueError(
diff --git a/mne/inverse_sparse/mxne_optim.py b/mne/inverse_sparse/mxne_optim.py
index 5d785f5eec5..a4c63a557b5 100644
--- a/mne/inverse_sparse/mxne_optim.py
+++ b/mne/inverse_sparse/mxne_optim.py
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ def __call__(self, x):  # noqa: D105
         else:
             return np.hstack([x @ op for op in self.ops]) / np.sqrt(self.n_dicts)
 
-    def norm(self, z, ord=2):
+    def norm(self, z, ord=2):  # noqa: A002
         """Squared L2 norm if ord == 2 and L1 norm if order == 1."""
         if ord not in (1, 2):
             raise ValueError(
diff --git a/mne/io/bti/bti.py b/mne/io/bti/bti.py
index 71c85880069..616602892dd 100644
--- a/mne/io/bti/bti.py
+++ b/mne/io/bti/bti.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def __init__(self, target):
     def __enter__(self):  # noqa: D105
         return self.target
 
-    def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):  # noqa: D105
+    def __exit__(self, exception_type, value, tb):  # noqa: D105
         pass
 
 
diff --git a/mne/io/curry/curry.py b/mne/io/curry/curry.py
index 021bc729ebf..3b3d5e711d3 100644
--- a/mne/io/curry/curry.py
+++ b/mne/io/curry/curry.py
@@ -197,10 +197,10 @@ def _read_curry_parameters(fname):
             if any(var_name in line for var_name in var_names):
                 key, val = line.replace(" ", "").replace("\n", "").split("=")
                 param_dict[key.lower().replace("_", "")] = val
-            for type in CHANTYPES:
-                if "DEVICE_PARAMETERS" + CHANTYPES[type] + " START" in line:
+            for key, type_ in CHANTYPES.items():
+                if f"DEVICE_PARAMETERS{type_} START" in line:
                     data_unit = next(fid)
-                    unit_dict[type] = (
+                    unit_dict[key] = (
                         data_unit.replace(" ", "").replace("\n", "").split("=")[-1]
                     )
 
diff --git a/mne/io/edf/edf.py b/mne/io/edf/edf.py
index 62987ac19fc..888db95c9a6 100644
--- a/mne/io/edf/edf.py
+++ b/mne/io/edf/edf.py
@@ -1454,7 +1454,9 @@ def _read_gdf_header(fname, exclude, include=None):
 
 
 def _check_stim_channel(
-    stim_channel, ch_names, tal_ch_names=["EDF Annotations", "BDF Annotations"]
+    stim_channel,
+    ch_names,
+    tal_ch_names=("EDF Annotations", "BDF Annotations"),
 ):
     """Check that the stimulus channel exists in the current datafile."""
     DEFAULT_STIM_CH_NAMES = ["status", "trigger"]
diff --git a/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/helpers.py b/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/helpers.py
index 5ab02286b66..66cb582dde9 100644
--- a/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/helpers.py
+++ b/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/helpers.py
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def get_epochs(system):
         else:
             event_id = [int(cfg_local["eventvalue"])]
 
-        event_id = [id for id in event_id if id in events[:, 2]]
+        event_id = [id_ for id_ in event_id if id_ in events[:, 2]]
 
     epochs = mne.Epochs(
         raw_data,
diff --git a/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/test_fieldtrip.py b/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/test_fieldtrip.py
index 0f66d1b1fae..811bfd0a269 100644
--- a/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/test_fieldtrip.py
+++ b/mne/io/fieldtrip/tests/test_fieldtrip.py
@@ -254,18 +254,18 @@ def test_one_channel_elec_bug(version):
 @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.*number of bytes.*:RuntimeWarning")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("version", all_versions)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("type", ["averaged", "epoched", "raw"])
-def test_throw_exception_on_cellarray(version, type):
+def test_throw_exception_on_cellarray(version, type_):
     """Test for a meaningful exception when the data is a cell array."""
-    fname = get_data_paths("cellarray") / f"{type}_{version}.mat"
+    fname = get_data_paths("cellarray") / f"{type_}_{version}.mat"
     info = get_raw_info("CNT")
     with pytest.raises(
         RuntimeError, match="Loading of data in cell arrays " "is not supported"
     ):
-        if type == "averaged":
+        if type_ == "averaged":
             mne.read_evoked_fieldtrip(fname, info)
-        elif type == "epoched":
+        elif type_ == "epoched":
             mne.read_epochs_fieldtrip(fname, info)
-        elif type == "raw":
+        elif type_ == "raw":
             mne.io.read_raw_fieldtrip(fname, info)
 
 
diff --git a/mne/preprocessing/nirs/_tddr.py b/mne/preprocessing/nirs/_tddr.py
index 59c2ec926d9..a7d0af9a305 100644
--- a/mne/preprocessing/nirs/_tddr.py
+++ b/mne/preprocessing/nirs/_tddr.py
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ def _TDDR(signal, sample_rate):
     tune = 4.685
     D = np.sqrt(np.finfo(signal.dtype).eps)
     mu = np.inf
-    iter = 0
 
     # Step 1. Compute temporal derivative of the signal
     deriv = np.diff(signal_low)
@@ -120,8 +119,7 @@ def _TDDR(signal, sample_rate):
     w = np.ones(deriv.shape)
 
     # Step 3. Iterative estimation of robust weights
-    while iter < 50:
-        iter = iter + 1
+    for _ in range(50):
         mu0 = mu
 
         # Step 3a. Estimate weighted mean
diff --git a/mne/preprocessing/ssp.py b/mne/preprocessing/ssp.py
index 985a30a6e9d..271f9195416 100644
--- a/mne/preprocessing/ssp.py
+++ b/mne/preprocessing/ssp.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from .._fiff.reference import make_eeg_average_ref_proj
 from ..epochs import Epochs
 from ..proj import compute_proj_epochs, compute_proj_evoked
-from ..utils import logger, verbose, warn
+from ..utils import _validate_type, logger, verbose, warn
 from .ecg import find_ecg_events
 from .eog import find_eog_events
 
@@ -112,7 +112,10 @@ def _compute_exg_proj(
     my_info["bads"] += bads
 
     # Handler rejection parameters
+    _validate_type(reject, (None, dict), "reject")
+    _validate_type(flat, (None, dict), "flat")
     if reject is not None:  # make sure they didn't pass None
+        reject = reject.copy()  # must make a copy or we modify default!
         if (
             len(
                 pick_types(
@@ -170,6 +173,7 @@ def _compute_exg_proj(
         ):
             _safe_del_key(reject, "eog")
     if flat is not None:  # make sure they didn't pass None
+        flat = flat.copy()
         if (
             len(
                 pick_types(
@@ -300,9 +304,9 @@ def compute_proj_ecg(
     filter_length="10s",
     n_jobs=None,
     ch_name=None,
-    reject=dict(grad=2000e-13, mag=3000e-15, eeg=50e-6, eog=250e-6),
+    reject=dict(grad=2000e-13, mag=3000e-15, eeg=50e-6, eog=250e-6),  # noqa: B006
     flat=None,
-    bads=[],
+    bads=(),
     avg_ref=False,
     no_proj=False,
     event_id=999,
@@ -461,9 +465,9 @@ def compute_proj_eog(
     average=True,
     filter_length="10s",
     n_jobs=None,
-    reject=dict(grad=2000e-13, mag=3000e-15, eeg=500e-6, eog=np.inf),
+    reject=dict(grad=2000e-13, mag=3000e-15, eeg=500e-6, eog=np.inf),  # noqa: B006
     flat=None,
-    bads=[],
+    bads=(),
     avg_ref=False,
     no_proj=False,
     event_id=998,
diff --git a/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_ssp.py b/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_ssp.py
index 359a844686c..b7565a6c5ce 100644
--- a/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_ssp.py
+++ b/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_ssp.py
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ def test_compute_proj_ecg(short_raw, average):
     # XXX: better tests
 
     # without setting a bad channel, this should throw a warning
+    # (first with a call that makes sure we copy the mutable default "reject")
+    with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="longer than the signal"):
+        compute_proj_ecg(raw.copy().pick("mag"), l_freq=None, h_freq=None)
     with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="No good epochs found"):
         projs, events, drop_log = compute_proj_ecg(
             raw,
diff --git a/mne/report/report.py b/mne/report/report.py
index 6b83642ec8f..34acb8860e6 100644
--- a/mne/report/report.py
+++ b/mne/report/report.py
@@ -2998,7 +2998,7 @@ def __enter__(self):
         """Do nothing when entering the context block."""
         return self
 
-    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+    def __exit__(self, exception_type, value, traceback):
         """Save the report when leaving the context block."""
         if self.fname is not None:
             self.save(self.fname, open_browser=False, overwrite=True)
diff --git a/mne/source_estimate.py b/mne/source_estimate.py
index 35e14e2e769..66897bcaedc 100644
--- a/mne/source_estimate.py
+++ b/mne/source_estimate.py
@@ -2476,7 +2476,7 @@ def save_as_volume(
         src,
         dest="mri",
         mri_resolution=False,
-        format="nifti1",
+        format="nifti1",  # noqa: A002
         *,
         overwrite=False,
         verbose=None,
@@ -2525,7 +2525,13 @@ def save_as_volume(
         )
         nib.save(img, fname)
 
-    def as_volume(self, src, dest="mri", mri_resolution=False, format="nifti1"):
+    def as_volume(
+        self,
+        src,
+        dest="mri",
+        mri_resolution=False,
+        format="nifti1",  # noqa: A002
+    ):
         """Export volume source estimate as a nifti object.
 
         Parameters
diff --git a/mne/source_space/_source_space.py b/mne/source_space/_source_space.py
index bc17b08e53b..11834cc7631 100644
--- a/mne/source_space/_source_space.py
+++ b/mne/source_space/_source_space.py
@@ -2047,11 +2047,12 @@ def _make_volume_source_space(
     volume_labels=None,
     do_neighbors=True,
     n_jobs=None,
-    vol_info={},
+    vol_info=None,
     single_volume=False,
 ):
     """Make a source space which covers the volume bounded by surf."""
     # Figure out the grid size in the MRI coordinate frame
+    vol_info = {} if vol_info is None else vol_info
     if "rr" in surf:
         mins = np.min(surf["rr"], axis=0)
         maxs = np.max(surf["rr"], axis=0)
diff --git a/mne/time_frequency/csd.py b/mne/time_frequency/csd.py
index cea14c9944a..5bca1d03508 100644
--- a/mne/time_frequency/csd.py
+++ b/mne/time_frequency/csd.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 @verbose
 def pick_channels_csd(
-    csd, include=[], exclude=[], ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
+    csd, include=(), exclude=(), ordered=None, copy=True, *, verbose=None
 ):
     """Pick channels from cross-spectral density matrix.
 
diff --git a/mne/time_frequency/tfr.py b/mne/time_frequency/tfr.py
index 2e9d3102054..3be20ce28fc 100644
--- a/mne/time_frequency/tfr.py
+++ b/mne/time_frequency/tfr.py
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ def plot(
         mask_cmap="Greys",
         mask_alpha=0.1,
         combine=None,
-        exclude=[],
+        exclude=(),
         cnorm=None,
         verbose=None,
     ):
@@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ def _plot(
         exclude=None,
         copy=True,
         source_plot_joint=False,
-        topomap_args=dict(),
+        topomap_args=None,
         ch_type=None,
         cnorm=None,
         verbose=None,
@@ -1676,6 +1676,8 @@ def _plot(
 
         See self.plot() for parameters description.
         """
+        _validate_type(topomap_args, (dict, None), "topomap_args")
+        topomap_args = {} if topomap_args is None else topomap_args
         import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
         # channel selection
@@ -1821,7 +1823,7 @@ def plot_joint(
         title=None,
         yscale="auto",
         combine="mean",
-        exclude=[],
+        exclude=(),
         topomap_args=None,
         image_args=None,
         verbose=None,
diff --git a/mne/utils/tests/test_docs.py b/mne/utils/tests/test_docs.py
index 0fd13aa25a5..c5ab49d3167 100644
--- a/mne/utils/tests/test_docs.py
+++ b/mne/utils/tests/test_docs.py
@@ -122,12 +122,12 @@ def m1():
 def test_copy_function_doc_to_method_doc():
     """Test decorator for re-using function docstring as method docstrings."""
 
-    def f1(object, a, b, c):
+    def f1(obj, a, b, c):
         """Docstring for f1.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        object : object
+        obj : object
             Some object. This description also has
 
             blank lines in it.
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def f1(object, a, b, c):
         """
         pass
 
-    def f2(object):
+    def f2(obj):
         """Docstring for f2.
 
         Parameters
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def f2(object):
         """
         pass
 
-    def f3(object):
+    def f3(obj):
         """Docstring for f3.
 
         Parameters
@@ -162,11 +162,11 @@ def f3(object):
         """
         pass
 
-    def f4(object):
+    def f4(obj):
         """Docstring for f4."""
         pass
 
-    def f5(object):  # noqa: D410, D411, D414
+    def f5(obj):  # noqa: D410, D411, D414
         """Docstring for f5.
 
         Parameters
diff --git a/mne/utils/tests/test_logging.py b/mne/utils/tests/test_logging.py
index 8a19d76a089..02a5a7363d0 100644
--- a/mne/utils/tests/test_logging.py
+++ b/mne/utils/tests/test_logging.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def test_how_to_deal_with_warnings():
     assert len(w) == 1
 
 
-def clean_lines(lines=[]):
+def clean_lines(lines=()):
     """Scrub filenames for checking logging output (in test_logging)."""
     return [line if "Reading " not in line else "Reading test file" for line in lines]
 
diff --git a/mne/viz/backends/_abstract.py b/mne/viz/backends/_abstract.py
index b28468ebc77..c31023401ed 100644
--- a/mne/viz/backends/_abstract.py
+++ b/mne/viz/backends/_abstract.py
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ def _dock_add_file_button(
         desc,
         func,
         *,
-        filter=None,
+        filter_=None,
         initial_directory=None,
         save=False,
         is_directory=False,
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ def _dialog_create(
         callback,
         *,
         icon="Warning",
-        buttons=[],
+        buttons=(),
         modal=True,
         window=None,
     ):
diff --git a/mne/viz/backends/_notebook.py b/mne/viz/backends/_notebook.py
index 6a9e5a6cf8f..4601ef1fc6a 100644
--- a/mne/viz/backends/_notebook.py
+++ b/mne/viz/backends/_notebook.py
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ def _dialog_create(
         callback,
         *,
         icon="Warning",
-        buttons=[],
+        buttons=(),
         modal=True,
         window=None,
     ):
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ def _dock_add_file_button(
         desc,
         func,
         *,
-        filter=None,
+        filter_=None,
         initial_directory=None,
         save=False,
         is_directory=False,
diff --git a/mne/viz/backends/_qt.py b/mne/viz/backends/_qt.py
index 3f7f28abc1b..35cdc4de502 100644
--- a/mne/viz/backends/_qt.py
+++ b/mne/viz/backends/_qt.py
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ def _dialog_create(
         callback,
         *,
         icon="Warning",
-        buttons=[],
+        buttons=(),
         modal=True,
         window=None,
     ):
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ def _dock_add_file_button(
         desc,
         func,
         *,
-        filter=None,
+        filter_=None,
         initial_directory=None,
         save=False,
         is_directory=False,
@@ -1226,11 +1226,11 @@ def callback():
                 )
             elif save:
                 name = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
-                    parent=self._window, directory=initial_directory, filter=filter
+                    parent=self._window, directory=initial_directory, filter=filter_
                 )
             else:
                 name = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(
-                    parent=self._window, directory=initial_directory, filter=filter
+                    parent=self._window, directory=initial_directory, filter=filter_
                 )
             name = name[0] if isinstance(name, tuple) else name
             # handle the cancel button
diff --git a/mne/viz/backends/renderer.py b/mne/viz/backends/renderer.py
index 2e2ab1e7333..faa209454e1 100644
--- a/mne/viz/backends/renderer.py
+++ b/mne/viz/backends/renderer.py
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ def _enable_time_interaction(
         current_time_func,
         times,
         init_playback_speed=0.01,
-        playback_speed_range=[0.01, 0.1],
+        playback_speed_range=(0.01, 0.1),
     ):
         from ..ui_events import (
             PlaybackSpeed,
diff --git a/mne/viz/circle.py b/mne/viz/circle.py
index 7f9d16ecc54..5a3406a7c1b 100644
--- a/mne/viz/circle.py
+++ b/mne/viz/circle.py
@@ -97,7 +97,13 @@ def circular_layout(
 
 
 def _plot_connectivity_circle_onpick(
-    event, fig=None, ax=None, indices=None, n_nodes=0, node_angles=None, ylim=[9, 10]
+    event,
+    fig=None,
+    ax=None,
+    indices=None,
+    n_nodes=0,
+    node_angles=None,
+    ylim=(9, 10),
 ):
     """Isolate connections around a single node when user left clicks a node.
 
diff --git a/mne/viz/evoked.py b/mne/viz/evoked.py
index 20bdd655a93..96976532767 100644
--- a/mne/viz/evoked.py
+++ b/mne/viz/evoked.py
@@ -390,9 +390,9 @@ def _plot_evoked(
                 ax.set_xlabel("")
         ims = [ax.images[0] for ax in axes.values()]
         clims = np.array([im.get_clim() for im in ims])
-        min, max = clims.min(), clims.max()
+        min_, max_ = clims.min(), clims.max()
         for im in ims:
-            im.set_clim(min, max)
+            im.set_clim(min_, max_)
         figs = [ax.get_figure() for ax in axes.values()]
         if len(set(figs)) == 1:
             return figs[0]
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ def plot_evoked_topo(
     scalings=None,
     title=None,
     proj=False,
-    vline=[0.0],
+    vline=(0.0,),
     fig_background=None,
     merge_grads=False,
     legend=True,
diff --git a/mne/viz/topomap.py b/mne/viz/topomap.py
index 489f4cb62d8..a531bb7e866 100644
--- a/mne/viz/topomap.py
+++ b/mne/viz/topomap.py
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ def _prepare_topomap_plot(inst, ch_type, sphere=None):
             # Modify the nirs channel names to indicate they are to be merged
             # New names will have the form  S1_D1xS2_D2
             # More than two channels can overlap and be merged
-            for set in overlapping_channels:
-                idx = ch_names.index(set[0][:-4])
-                new_name = "x".join(s[:-4] for s in set)
+            for set_ in overlapping_channels:
+                idx = ch_names.index(set_[0][:-4])
+                new_name = "x".join(s[:-4] for s in set_)
                 ch_names[idx] = new_name
 
     pos = np.array(pos)[:, :2]  # 2D plot, otherwise interpolation bugs
@@ -306,12 +306,12 @@ def _add_colorbar(
     cmap,
     *,
     title=None,
-    format=None,
+    format_=None,
     kind=None,
     ch_type=None,
 ):
     """Add a colorbar to an axis."""
-    cbar = ax.figure.colorbar(im, format=format, shrink=0.6)
+    cbar = ax.figure.colorbar(im, format=format_, shrink=0.6)
     if cmap is not None and cmap[1]:
         ax.CB = DraggableColorbar(cbar, im, kind, ch_type)
     cax = cbar.ax
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ def _plot_projs_topomap(
                 im,
                 cmap,
                 title=units,
-                format=cbar_fmt,
+                format_=cbar_fmt,
                 kind="projs_topomap",
                 ch_type=_ch_type,
             )
@@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ def _plot_ica_topomap(
             im,
             cmap,
             title="AU",
-            format="%3.2f",
+            format_="%3.2f",
             kind="ica_topomap",
             ch_type=ch_type,
         )
@@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ def plot_ica_components(
                     im,
                     cmap,
                     title="AU",
-                    format=cbar_fmt,
+                    format_=cbar_fmt,
                     kind="ica_comp_topomap",
                     ch_type=ch_type,
                 )
@@ -1989,7 +1989,7 @@ def plot_tfr_topomap(
             im,
             cmap,
             title=units,
-            format=cbar_fmt,
+            format_=cbar_fmt,
             kind="tfr_topomap",
             ch_type=ch_type,
         )
@@ -2561,7 +2561,7 @@ def _plot_topomap_multi_cbar(
     )
 
     if colorbar:
-        cbar, cax = _add_colorbar(ax, im, cmap, title=None, format=cbar_fmt)
+        cbar, cax = _add_colorbar(ax, im, cmap, title=None, format_=cbar_fmt)
         cbar.set_ticks(_vlim)
         if unit is not None:
             cbar.ax.set_ylabel(unit, fontsize=8)
diff --git a/mne/viz/utils.py b/mne/viz/utils.py
index 6df8b210c00..eeaf3d1098e 100644
--- a/mne/viz/utils.py
+++ b/mne/viz/utils.py
@@ -243,12 +243,12 @@ def _validate_if_list_of_axes(axes, obligatory_len=None, name="axes"):
             )
 
 
-def mne_analyze_colormap(limits=[5, 10, 15], format="vtk"):
+def mne_analyze_colormap(limits=(5, 10, 15), format="vtk"):  # noqa: A002
     """Return a colormap similar to that used by mne_analyze.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    limits : list (or array) of length 3 or 6
+    limits : array-like of length 3 or 6
         Bounds for the colormap, which will be mirrored across zero if length
         3, or completely specified (and potentially asymmetric) if length 6.
     format : str
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index abb2e1b3f1b..ba292f3ac6c 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ builtin = "clear,rare,informal,names,usage"
 skip = "doc/references.bib"
 
 [tool.ruff]
-select = ["E", "F", "W", "D", "I", "UP"]
+select = ["A", "B006", "D", "E", "F", "I", "W", "UP"]
 exclude = ["__init__.py", "constants.py", "resources.py"]
 ignore = [
     "D100", # Missing docstring in public module