testS7online.c

/*
 Test and demo program for Libnodave, a free communication libray for Siemens S7.
 
 **********************************************************************
 * WARNING: This and other test programs overwrite data in your PLC.  *
 * DO NOT use it on PLC's when anything is connected to their outputs.*
 * This is alpha software. Use entirely on your own risk.             * 
 **********************************************************************
 
 (C) Thomas Hergenhahn (thomas.hergenhahn@web.de) 2005

 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
 any later version.

 This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 GNU General Public License for more details.

 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 along with Libnodave; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
 the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "nodave.h"
#include "openS7online.h"

#ifdef LINUX
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define UNIX_STYLE
#endif

#ifdef BCCWIN
#include <windows.h>
#include <time.h>
    void usage(void);
    void wait(void);
#define WIN_STYLE

/*
    The following code has been copied from Microsoft Knowledge Base article KB124103,
    "How to obtain a Console Window Handle (HWND)"
*/

HWND DECL2 GetConsoleHwnd(void)
   {
       #define MY_BUFSIZE 1024 // Buffer size for console window titles.
       HWND hwndFound;         // This is what is returned to the caller.
       char pszNewWindowTitle[MY_BUFSIZE]; // Contains fabricated
                                           // WindowTitle.
       char pszOldWindowTitle[MY_BUFSIZE]; // Contains original
                                           // WindowTitle.

       // Fetch current window title.

       GetConsoleTitle(pszOldWindowTitle, MY_BUFSIZE);

       // Format a "unique" NewWindowTitle.

       wsprintf(pszNewWindowTitle,"%d/%d",
                   GetTickCount(),
                   GetCurrentProcessId());

       // Change current window title.

       SetConsoleTitle(pszNewWindowTitle);

       // Ensure window title has been updated.

       Sleep(40);

       // Look for NewWindowTitle.

       hwndFound=FindWindow(NULL, pszNewWindowTitle);

       // Restore original window title.

       SetConsoleTitle(pszOldWindowTitle);

       return(hwndFound);
   }

#endif

extern int daveDebug;
#include "log2.h"

void usage()
{
    printf("Usage: testS7online [-d] [-w] access point.\n");
    printf("-w will try to write to Flag words. It will overwrite FB0 to FB15 (MB0 to MB15) !\n");
    printf("-d will produce a lot of debug messages.\n");
    printf("-b will run benchmarks. Specify -b and -w to run write benchmarks.\n");
    printf("-z will read some SZL list items (diagnostic information).\n");
    printf("--szlID will read given SZL ID.\n");
    printf("-2 uses a slightly different version of the MPI protocol. Try it, if your Adapter doesn't work.\n");
    printf("-m will run a test for multiple variable reads.\n");
    printf("-c will write 0 to the PLC memory used in write tests.\n");
    printf("-n will test newly added functions.\n");
    printf("-a will read out everything from system state lists(SZLs).\n");
    printf("-r tries to put the PLC in run mode.\n");
    printf("-s stops the PLC.\n");
    printf("-t reads time from PLC clock.\n");
    printf("--list show program and data blocks in PLC.\n");
    printf("--listall show program and data blocks in PLC. Includes SFBs and SFCs\n");
    printf("--readout read program and data blocks from PLC.\n");
    printf("--readoutall reads all program and data blocks from PLC. Includes SFBs and SFCs.\n");
    printf("--sync sets the PLC's clock to PC time.\n");
    printf("--many=<DB number> reads 2000 bytes from the given DB using daveReadManyBytes().\n");
    printf("  The DB should exist and be long enough.\n");
    printf("-<number> will set the speed of MPI/PROFIBUS network to this value (in kBaud).\n  Default is 187.\n  Supported values are 9, 19, 45, 93, 187, 500 and 1500.\n");
    printf("--mpi=<number> will use number as the MPI adddres of the PLC. Default is 2.\n");
    printf("--mpi2=<number> Use this option to test simultaneous connections to 2 PLCs.\n"); 
    printf("  It will use number as the MPI adddres of the 2nd PLC. Default is no 2nd PLC.\n");
    printf("  Most tests are executed with the first PLC. The first read test is also done with\n");
    printf("  with the 2nd one to demonstrate that this works.\n");
    printf("--local=<number> will set the local MPI adddres to number. Default is 0.\n");
    printf("--debug=<number> will set daveDebug to number.\n");
    printf("Example: testS7online -w /S7online\n");
}

void wait() {
    uc c;
#ifdef UNIX_STYLE
    printf("Press return to continue.\n");
    read(0,&c,1);
#endif    
#ifdef WIN_STYLE
    printf("Press return to continue.\n");
    getch();
#endif    
}    

void readSZL(daveConnection *dc,int id, int index) {
    int res, SZLid, indx, SZcount, SZlen,i,j,len;
    uc * d,*dd;
    uc ddd[3000];
    printf("Trying to read SZL-ID %04X index %02X.\n",id,index);
    res=daveReadSZL(dc,id,index, ddd, 3000);
    printf("Function result: %d %s len:%d\n",res,daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
//    _daveDump("Data",ddd,dc->AnswLen);
    
    if ((dc->AnswLen)>=4) {
	d=ddd;
        dd=ddd;
	dd+=8;
	len=dc->AnswLen-8;
	SZLid=daveGetU16from(d+0); 
        indx=daveGetU16from(d+2); 
	printf("result SZL ID %04X %02X \n",SZLid,indx);
    
	if ((dc->AnswLen)>=8) {
    	    SZlen=daveGetU16from(d+4);  
    	    SZcount=daveGetU16from(d+6); 
	    printf("%d elements of %d bytes\n",SZcount,SZlen);
	    if(len>0){
	    for (i=0;i<SZcount;i++){
		if(len>0){
		for (j=0; j<SZlen; j++){
		    if(len>0){
		    printf("0x%02X,",*dd);
		    dd++;
		    }
		    len--;
		}
		printf("\n");
		}
	    }
	    }
	}
    }
    printf("\n");
}    
	
void readSZLAll(daveConnection *dc) {
    uc SzlList[1000];
    int res, SZLid, indx, SZcount, SZlen,i,j, rid, rind;
    uc * d,*dd;
    
    res=daveReadSZL(dc,0,0,SzlList, 1000);
    printf("%d %d\n",res,dc->AnswLen);
    if ((dc->AnswLen)>=4) {
	d=dc->resultPointer;
        dd=SzlList;
	dd+=8;
	SZLid=0x100*d[0]+d[1]; 
        indx=0x100*d[2]+d[3]; 
	printf("result SZL ID %04X %02X \n",SZLid,indx);
    
	if ((dc->AnswLen)>=8) {
    	    SZlen=0x100*d[4]+d[5]; 
    	    SZcount=0x100*d[6]+d[7]; 
	    printf("%d elements of %d bytes\n",SZcount,SZlen);
	    for (i=0;i<SZcount;i++){
		rid=*(dd+1)+256*(*dd); 
		rind=0;

		printf("\nID:%04X Index:%02X\n",rid,rind);
		readSZL(dc, rid, rind);
		for (j=0; j<SZlen; j++){
		    printf("%02X,",*dd);
		    dd++;
		}
		printf("\nID:%04X Index:%02X\n",rid,rind);
		
	    }
	}
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void loadBlocksOfType(daveConnection * dc, int blockType, int doReadout) {
    int j, i, uploadID, len, more;
#ifdef UNIX_STYLE
    int fd;
#endif	        
#ifdef WIN_STYLE	    
    HANDLE fd;
    unsigned long res;
#endif	        
    char blockName [20];
    uc blockBuffer[20000],*bb;
    daveBlockEntry dbe[256];   
    j=daveListBlocksOfType(dc, blockType, dbe);
    if (j<0) {
	printf("error %d = %s\n",-j,daveStrerror(-j));
	return;
    }
    printf("%d blocks of type %s\n",j,daveBlockName(blockType));
    
    for (i=0; i<j; i++) {
	printf("%s%d  %d %d\n",
	    daveBlockName(blockType),
	    dbe[i].number, dbe[i].type[0],dbe[i].type[1]);	
	bb=blockBuffer;
	if(doReadout) {	
	len=0;
	if (0==initUpload(dc, blockType, dbe[i].number, &uploadID)) {
    	    do {
		doUpload(dc,&more,&bb,&len,uploadID);
	    } while (more);
	    sprintf(blockName,"%s%d.mc7",daveBlockName(blockType), dbe[i].number);	
#ifdef UNIX_STYLE
    	    fd=open(blockName,O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0644);
    	    write(fd, blockBuffer, len);
    	    close(fd);
#endif	    
#ifdef WIN_STYLE
	    fd = CreateFile(blockName,
    	      GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, 2,
    		FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH, 0);
    	    WriteFile(fd, blockBuffer, len, &res, NULL);
    	    CloseHandle(fd);
#endif	    
    	    endUpload(dc,uploadID);
	} 
    }	
    }
}

void getBlockHeadersOfType(daveConnection * dc, int blockType) {
    int j, i;
    daveBlockEntry dbe[256]; 
    j=daveListBlocksOfType(dc, blockType, dbe);
    printf("%d blocks of type %s\n",j,daveBlockName(blockType));
    
    for (i=0; i<j; i++) {
	printf("%s%d  %d %d\n",
	    daveBlockName(blockType),
	    dbe[i].number, dbe[i].type[0],dbe[i].type[1]);	
	daveGetBlockInfo(dc, NULL, blockType,dbe[i].number);
	_daveDump("header",dc->_resultPointer,78);
    }	
}

#include "benchmark.c"

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int i,j, a,b,c, adrPos, doWrite, doBenchmark, 
	doSZLread, doMultiple, doClear, doNewfunctions, doWbit,
	initSuccess, doSZLreadAll, doRun, doStop, doReadout, doList, doListall, doSFBandSFC,
	doExperimental, doSync, doReadTime, doGetHeaders, doTestMany, aLongDB,
	saveDebug,
	res, useProto, speed, localMPI, plcMPI, plc2MPI, wbit, szlID, szlIndex;
    PDU p;	
    float d;
    char buf1 [davePartnerListSize];
    uc * buffer;
    daveInterface * di;
    daveConnection * dc, *dc2;
    _daveOSserialType fds;
    daveResultSet rs;
    
    adrPos=1;
    doWrite=0;
    doBenchmark=0;
    doSZLread=0;
    doSZLreadAll=0;
    doMultiple=0;
    doClear=0;
    doNewfunctions=0;
    doExperimental=0;
    doWbit=0;
    doRun=0;
    doStop=0;
    doReadout=0;
    doList=0;
    doListall=0;
    doSFBandSFC=0;
    szlID=-1;
    szlIndex=-0;
    doSync=0;
    doReadTime=0;
    doGetHeaders=0;
    doTestMany=0;
    
    useProto=daveProtoS7online;
    speed=daveSpeed187k;
    localMPI=0;
    plcMPI=2;
    plc2MPI=-1;
    
    if (argc<2) {
	usage();
	exit(-1);
    }    

    while (argv[adrPos][0]=='-') {
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--debug=",8)==0) {
	    daveSetDebug(atol(argv[adrPos]+8));
	    printf("setting debug to: 0x%lx\n",atol(argv[adrPos]+8));
	} else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-d")==0) {
	    daveSetDebug(daveDebugAll);
	} else
	if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-s")==0) {
	    doStop=1;
	} else
	if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-t")==0) {
	    doReadTime=1;
	} else
	if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-r")==0) {
	    doRun=1;
	} else
	if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-w")==0) {
	    doWrite=1;
	} else
	if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-b")==0) {
	    doBenchmark=1;
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--readoutall",12)==0) {
	    doReadout=1;
	    doSFBandSFC=1;
	} else
	if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-e")==0) {
	    doExperimental=1;
	} else if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--readout",9)==0) {
	    doReadout=1;
	} else if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--headers",9)==0) {
	    doGetHeaders=1;
	} else if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--many=",7)==0) {
	    aLongDB=atol(argv[adrPos]+7);
	    doTestMany=1;    
	} else if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--listall",9)==0) {
	    doListall=1;
	    doList=1;
	} else if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--list",6)==0) {
	    doList=1;
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--local=",8)==0) {
	    localMPI=atol(argv[adrPos]+8);
	    printf("setting local MPI address to:%d\n",localMPI);
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--mpi=",6)==0) {
	    plcMPI=atol(argv[adrPos]+6);
	    printf("setting MPI address of PLC to:%d\n",plcMPI);
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--sync",6)==0) {
	    doSync=1;
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--mpi2=",7)==0) {
	    plc2MPI=atol(argv[adrPos]+7);
	    printf("setting MPI address of 2md PLC to:%d\n",plc2MPI);
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--wbit=",7)==0) {
	    wbit=atol(argv[adrPos]+7);
	    printf("setting bit number:%d\n",wbit);
	    doWbit=1;
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--szlID=0x",10)==0) {
	    szlID=strtol(argv[adrPos]+8, NULL, 16);
	    printf("setting szl ID:%d\n",szlID);
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--szlID=",8)==0) {
	    szlID=atol(argv[adrPos]+8);
	} else
	if (strncmp(argv[adrPos],"--index=",8)==0) {
	    szlIndex=atol(argv[adrPos]+8);
	} else
	if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-z")==0) {
	    doSZLread=1;
	}
	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-a")==0) {
	    doSZLreadAll=1;
	}
	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-m")==0) {
	    doMultiple=1;
	}
	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-c")==0) {
	    doClear=1;
	}
	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-n")==0) {
	    doNewfunctions=1;
	}
 	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-9")==0) {
 	    speed=daveSpeed9k;
 	} 
 	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-19")==0) {
 	    speed=daveSpeed19k;
 	} 
 	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-45")==0) {
 	    speed=daveSpeed45k;
 	} 
 	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-93")==0) {
 	    speed=daveSpeed93k;
 	} 
 	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-500")==0) {
 	    speed=daveSpeed500k;
 	} 
 	else if (strcmp(argv[adrPos],"-1500")==0) {
 	    speed=daveSpeed1500k;
 	} 
 	
	adrPos++;
	if (argc<=adrPos) {
	    usage();
	    exit(-1);
	}	
    }    
    
    fds.rfd=openS7online(argv[adrPos], GetConsoleHwnd());
    fds.wfd=fds.rfd;
//    printf("fds.rfd %d\n", fds.rfd);
    initSuccess=0;
    if (((int)fds.rfd)>=0) { 	// had Problems here: HANDLE is unsigned, 0 is a valid HANDLE for s7onlinx
//	printf("fds.rfd %d\n", fds.rfd);
	di =daveNewInterface(fds, "IF1", localMPI, useProto, speed);
//	di ->connectPLC=_daveConnectPLCS7onlin;
	daveSetTimeout(di,5000000);
	for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
	    if (0==daveInitAdapter(di)) {
		initSuccess=1;	
		a= daveListReachablePartners(di,buf1);
		printf("daveListReachablePartners List length: %d\n",a);
		if (a>0) {
		    for (j=0;j<a;j++) {
			if (buf1[j]==daveMPIReachable) printf("Active device at address:%d\n",j);
			if (buf1[j]==daveMPIPassive) printf("Passive device at address:%d\n",j);
		    }	
		}
		break;	
	    } else daveDisconnectAdapter(di);
	    
	}
	if (!initSuccess) {
	    printf("Couldn't connect to Adapter!.\n Please try again. You may also try the option -2 for some adapters.\n");	
	    return -3;
	}
	dc =daveNewConnection(di,plcMPI,0,0);
	if(plc2MPI>=0)
	    dc2 =daveNewConnection(di,plc2MPI,0,0);
	else
	    dc2=NULL;    
	printf("ConnectPLC\n");
	wait();
	if (0==daveConnectPLC(dc)) {;
	    if(plc2MPI>=0) {
		if (0==daveConnectPLC(dc2));
	    } else {
		dc2=NULL;    
	    }	
	    if(doWbit) {
		a=1;
		res=daveWriteBits(dc, daveFlags, 0, wbit, 1,&a);
	    }	
/*
 * Some comments about daveReadBytes():
 *
 * Here we read flags and not data blocks, because we cannot know which data blocks will
 * exist in a user's PLC, but flags are always present. To read from start of data block 5
 * (DB5.DBB0) use:
 * 	daveReadBytes(dc, daveDB, 5, 0, 16, NULL);
 * to read DBD68 and DBW72 use:
 * 	daveReadBytes(dc, daveDB, 5, 68, 6, NULL);
 * to read DBD68 and DBW72 into your applications buffer appBuffer use:	
 * 	daveReadBytes(dc, daveDB, 5, 68, 6, appBuffer);
 * to read DBD68 and DBD78 into your applications buffer appBuffer use:	
 * 	daveReadBytes(dc, daveDB, 5, 68, 14, appBuffer);
 * this reads DBD68 and DBD78 and everything in between and fills the range
 * appBuffer+4 to appBuffer+9 with unwanted bytes, but is much faster than:
 *	daveReadBytes(dc, daveDB, 5, 68, 4, appBuffer);
 *	daveReadBytes(dc, daveDB, 5, 78, 4, appBuffer+4);
 */	
	res=daveReadBytes(dc, daveFlags, 0, 0, 16,NULL);
/*
 *	daveGetU32(dc); reads a word (2 bytes) from the current buffer position and increments
 *	an internal pointer by 2, so next daveGetXXX() wil read from the new position behind that
 *	word.	
 */	
	if (res==0) {
    	    a=daveGetS32(dc);	
    	    b=daveGetS32(dc);
    	    c=daveGetS32(dc);
	    d=daveGetFloat(dc);
	    if(dc2) {    
		printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD0: %d\n", dc->MPIAdr, a);
		printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD4: %d\n", dc->MPIAdr, b);
		printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD8: %d\n", dc->MPIAdr, c);
		printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD12: %f\n", dc->MPIAdr, d);
	    } else {
		printf("PLC FD0: %d\n", a);
		printf("PLC FD4: %d\n", b);
		printf("PLC FD8: %d\n", c);
		printf("PLC FD12: %f\n", d);
	    }
	} else 
	    printf("error %d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
    
	if(dc2) {    
	    res=daveReadBytes(dc2, daveFlags, 0, 0, 16,NULL);	    
	    if (res==0) {
    		a=daveGetS32(dc2);	
	        b=daveGetS32(dc2);
    		c=daveGetS32(dc2);
		d=daveGetFloat(dc2);
	        printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD0: %d\n", dc2->MPIAdr, a);
		printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD4: %d\n", dc2->MPIAdr, b);
		printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD8: %d\n", dc2->MPIAdr, c);
	        printf("PLC MPI(%d) FD12: %f\n", dc2->MPIAdr, d);
	    } else
		printf("error %d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));    
	}    

/*	
	saveDebug=daveGetDebug();
	daveSetDebug(daveDebugAll);
	res=daveGetBlockInfo(dc, NULL, daveBlockType_SFC, 0);
	daveSetDebug(saveDebug);
*/	

	if(doExperimental) {
	    printf("Trying to read outputs\n");
	    res=daveReadBytes(dc, daveOutputs, 0, 0, 2,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    if (res==0) {	
	        printf("Bytes:");
		    for (b= 0;b<dc->AnswLen;b++) {
			c=daveGetU8(dc);
			printf(" %0x, ",c);
		    }
		    printf("\n");
		}    
	    a=0x01;
	    printf("Trying to write outputs\n");
	    res=daveWriteBytes(dc, daveOutputs, 0, 0, 1,&a);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
//	    daveDebug=0xffff;
	    daveSetDebug(daveDebugAll);
	    res=daveForce200(dc, daveOutputs, 0,0);
	    printf("function result of force:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    daveSetDebug(0);
	    res=daveForce200(dc, daveOutputs, 0,1);
	    printf("function result of force:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    wait();
	    
	    res=daveForce200(dc, daveOutputs, 0,2);
	    printf("function result of force:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    wait();
	    res=daveForce200(dc, daveOutputs, 0,3);
	    printf("function result of force:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    wait();
	    res=daveForce200(dc, daveOutputs, 1,4);
	    printf("function result of force:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    wait();
	    res=daveForce200(dc, daveOutputs, 2,5);
	    printf("function result of force:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    wait();
	    res=daveForce200(dc, daveOutputs, 3,7);
	    printf("function result of force:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    wait();
	    printf("Trying to read outputs again\n");
	    res=daveReadBytes(dc, daveOutputs, 0, 0, 4,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s length:%d\n", res, daveStrerror(res),dc->AnswLen);
	    if (res==0) {	
	        printf("Bytes:");
		    for (b= 0;b<dc->AnswLen;b++) {
			c=daveGetU8(dc);
			printf(" %0x, ",c);
		    }
		    printf("\n");
	    }    
	}
		
	if(doNewfunctions) {
	    saveDebug=daveGetDebug();
	    
	    printf("Trying to read two consecutive bits from DB11.DBX0.1\n");;
	    res=daveReadBits(dc, daveDB, 11, 1, 2,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	    
	    printf("Trying to read no bit (length 0) from DB17.DBX0.1\n");
	    res=daveReadBits(dc, daveDB, 17, 1, 0,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));

	    daveSetDebug(daveGetDebug()|daveDebugPDU);	
	    printf("Trying to read a single bit from DB17.DBX0.3\n");
	    res=daveReadBits(dc, daveDB, 17, 3, 1,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	
	    printf("Trying to read a single bit from E0.2\n");
	    res=daveReadBits(dc, daveInputs, 0, 2, 1,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	    
	    a=0;
	    printf("Writing 0 to EB0\n");
	    res=daveWriteBytes(dc, daveOutputs, 0, 0, 1, &a);

	    a=1;
	    printf("Trying to set single bit E0.5\n");
	    res=daveWriteBits(dc, daveOutputs, 0, 5, 1, &a);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	
	    printf("Trying to read 1 byte from AAW0\n");
	    res=daveReadBytes(dc, daveAnaIn, 0, 0, 2,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	    
	    a=2341;
	    printf("Trying to write 1 word (2 bytes) to AAW0\n");
	    res=daveWriteBytes(dc, daveAnaOut, 0, 0, 2,&a);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	
	    printf("Trying to read 4 items from Timers\n");
	    res=daveReadBytes(dc, daveTimer, 0, 0, 4,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	    d=daveGetSeconds(dc);
	    printf("Time: %0.3f, ",d);
	    d=daveGetSeconds(dc);
	    printf("%0.3f, ",d);
	    d=daveGetSeconds(dc);
	    printf("%0.3f, ",d);
	    d=daveGetSeconds(dc);
	    printf(" %0.3f\n",d);
	    
	    d=daveGetSecondsAt(dc,0);
	    printf("Time: %0.3f, ",d);
	    d=daveGetSecondsAt(dc,2);
	    printf("%0.3f, ",d);
	    d=daveGetSecondsAt(dc,4);
	    printf("%0.3f, ",d);
	    d=daveGetSecondsAt(dc,6);
	    printf(" %0.3f\n",d);
	    
	    printf("Trying to read 4 items from Counters\n");
	    res=daveReadBytes(dc, daveCounter, 0, 0, 4,NULL);
	    printf("function result:%d=%s\n", res, daveStrerror(res));
	    c=daveGetCounterValue(dc);
	    printf("Count: %d, ",c);
	    c=daveGetCounterValue(dc);
	    printf("%d, ",c);
	    c=daveGetCounterValue(dc);
	    printf("%d, ",c);
	    c=daveGetCounterValue(dc);
	    printf(" %d\n",c);
	    
	    c=daveGetCounterValueAt(dc,0);
	    printf("Count: %d, ",c);
	    c=daveGetCounterValueAt(dc,2);
	    printf("%d, ",c);
	    c=daveGetCounterValueAt(dc,4);
	    printf("%d, ",c);
	    c=daveGetCounterValueAt(dc,6);
	    printf(" %d\n",c);
	    
	    davePrepareReadRequest(dc, &p);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveInputs,0,0,1);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveFlags,0,0,4);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveDB,6,20,2);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveTimer,0,0,4);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveTimer,0,1,4);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveTimer,0,2,4);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveCounter,0,0,4);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveCounter,0,1,4);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveCounter,0,2,4);
	    
	    res=daveExecReadRequest(dc, &p, &rs);
	    if (doWrite) {
		
	    }
	    
	    daveSetDebug(saveDebug);
	}

//	daveDebug=daveDebugAll;
	
	if(doSZLread) {
	
	    readSZL(dc,306,4);
	    readSZL(dc,0xB4,0x1024);
	    readSZL(dc,0x111,0x1);
	    readSZL(dc,0xD91,0x0);
	    readSZL(dc,0x232,0x4);
	    readSZL(dc,0x1A0,0x0);
	}
	if(szlID!=-1) {
	    readSZL(dc,szlID,szlIndex);
	}
/*
	if(doSZLread) {
	    for (i=0;i<256;i++) {
		readSZL(dc,i,0x0);
	    }
	}    
*/	
	if(doSZLreadAll) {
	    readSZLAll(dc);
	}
	if(doMultiple) {
    	    printf("Now testing read multiple variables.\n"
		"This will read 1 Byte from inputs,\n"
		"4 bytes from flags, 2 bytes from DB6\n"
		" and other 2 bytes from flags\n");
    	    wait();
	    davePrepareReadRequest(dc, &p);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveInputs,0,0,1);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveFlags,0,0,4);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveDB,6,20,2);
	    daveAddVarToReadRequest(&p,daveFlags,0,12,2);
	    daveAddBitVarToReadRequest(&p, daveFlags, 0, 25 /* 25 is 3.1*/, 1);
	    res=daveExecReadRequest(dc, &p, &rs);
	    
	    printf("Input Byte 0 ");
	    res=daveUseResult(dc, &rs, 0); // first result
	    if (res==0) {
		a=daveGetU8(dc);
        	printf("%d\n",a);
	    } else 
		printf("*** Error: %s\n",daveStrerror(res));
		
	    printf("Flag DWord 0 ");	
	    res=daveUseResult(dc, &rs, 1); // 2nd result
	    if (res==0) {
		a=daveGetS16(dc);
        	printf("%d\n",a);
	    } else 
		printf("*** Error: %s\n",daveStrerror(res));
		
	    printf("DB 6 Word 20: ");	
	    res=daveUseResult(dc, &rs, 2); // 3rd result
	    if (res==0) {
		a=daveGetS16(dc);
        	printf("%d\n",a);
	    } else 
		printf("*** Error: %s\n",daveStrerror(res));
		
	    printf("Flag Word 12: ");		
	    res=daveUseResult(dc, &rs, 3); // 4th result
	    if (res==0) {
		a=daveGetU16(dc);
        	printf("%d\n",a);
	    } else 
		printf("*** Error: %s\n",daveStrerror(res));	
	    
	    printf("Flag F3.1: ");		
	    res=daveUseResult(dc, &rs, 4); // 4th result
	    if (res==0) {
		a=daveGetU8(dc);
        	printf("%d\n",a);
	    } else 
		printf("*** Error: %s\n",daveStrerror(res));		
		
	    printf("non existing result (we read 5 items, but try to use a 6th one): ");
	    res=daveUseResult(dc, &rs, 5); // 5th result
	    if (res==0) {
		a=daveGetU16(dc);
        	printf("%d\n",a);
	    } else 
		printf("*** Error: %s\n",daveStrerror(res));		
	    
	    daveFreeResults(&rs);  
	    
	    if (doWrite){
		printf("Now testing write multiple variables:\n"
		    "IB0, FW0, QB0, DB6:DBW20 and DB20:DBD24 in a single multiple write.\n");
		wait();
//		daveDebug=0xffff;
		a=0;
	        davePrepareWriteRequest(dc, &p);
		daveAddVarToWriteRequest(&p,daveInputs,0,0,1,&a);
		daveAddVarToWriteRequest(&p,daveFlags,0,4,2,&a);
	        daveAddVarToWriteRequest(&p,daveOutputs,0,0,2,&a);
		daveAddVarToWriteRequest(&p,daveDB,6,20,2,&a);
		daveAddVarToWriteRequest(&p,daveDB,20,24,4,&a);
		a=1;
	    	daveAddBitVarToWriteRequest(&p, daveFlags, 0, 27 /* 27 is 3.3*/, 1, &a);
		res=daveExecWriteRequest(dc, &p, &rs);
		printf("Result code for the entire multiple write operation: %d=%s\n",res, daveStrerror(res));
/*
//	I could list the single result codes like this, but I want to tell
//	which item should have been written, so I do it in 5 individual lines:
	
		for (i=0;i<rs.numResults;i++){
		    res=rs.results[i].error;
		    printf("result code from writing item %d: %d=%s\n",i,res,daveStrerror(res));
		}
*/		
		printf("Result code for writing IB0:        %d=%s\n",rs.results[0].error, daveStrerror(rs.results[0].error));
		printf("Result code for writing FW4:        %d=%s\n",rs.results[1].error, daveStrerror(rs.results[1].error));
		printf("Result code for writing QB0:        %d=%s\n",rs.results[2].error, daveStrerror(rs.results[2].error));
		printf("Result code for writing DB6:DBW20:  %d=%s\n",rs.results[3].error, daveStrerror(rs.results[3].error));
		printf("Result code for writing DB20:DBD24: %d=%s\n",rs.results[4].error, daveStrerror(rs.results[4].error));
		printf("Result code for writing F3.3: 	    %d=%s\n",rs.results[5].error, daveStrerror(rs.results[5].error));
/*
 *   Read back and show the new values, so users may notice the difference:
 */	    
	        daveReadBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,0,16,NULL);
    		a=daveGetU32(dc);
	        b=daveGetU32(dc);
    		c=daveGetU32(dc);
    		d=daveGetFloat(dc);
	        printf("FD0: %d\n",a);
		printf("FD4: %d\n",b);
		printf("FD8: %d\n",c);
	        printf("FD12: %f\n",d);		
	    } // doWrite
	}	    

	if(doWrite) {
    	    printf("Now we write back these data after incrementing the integers by 1,2 and 3 and the float by 1.1.\n");
    	    wait();
/*
    Attention! you need to daveSwapIed little endian variables before using them as a buffer for
    daveWriteBytes() or before copying them into a buffer for daveWriteBytes()!
*/	    
    	    a=daveSwapIed_32(a+1);
    	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,0,4,&a);
    	    b=daveSwapIed_32(b+2);
    	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,4,4,&b);
    	    c=daveSwapIed_32(c+3);
	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,8,4,&c);
    	    d=toPLCfloat(d+1.1);
    	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,12,4,&d);
/*
 *   Read back and show the new values, so users may notice the difference:
 */	    
    	    daveReadBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,0,16,NULL);
    	    a=daveGetU32(dc);
    	    b=daveGetU32(dc);
    	    c=daveGetU32(dc);
    	    d=daveGetFloat(dc);
	    printf("FD0: %d\n",a);
	    printf("FD4: %d\n",b);
	    printf("FD8: %d\n",c);
	    printf("FD12: %f\n",d);
	} // doWrite
	if(doClear) {
    	    printf("Now writing 0 to the bytes FB0...FB15.\n");
    	    wait();
	    a=0;
    	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,0,4,&a);
    	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,4,4,&a);
	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,8,4,&a);
    	    daveWriteBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,12,4,&a);
	    daveReadBytes(dc,daveFlags,0,0,16,NULL);
    	    a=daveGetU32(dc);
    	    b=daveGetU32(dc);
    	    c=daveGetU32(dc);
    	    d=daveGetFloat(dc);
	    printf("FD0: %d\n",a);
	    printf("FD4: %d\n",b);
	    printf("FD8: %d\n",c);
	    printf("FD12: %f\n",d);
	} // doClear

	if(doStop) {
	    daveStop(dc);
	}
	if(doRun) {
	    daveStart(dc);
	}
	if(doList||doReadout) { // if readout is not set, loadBlocksOfType will only ist block names
	    daveListBlocks(dc,NULL);
	    loadBlocksOfType(dc, daveBlockType_OB, doReadout);
	    loadBlocksOfType(dc, daveBlockType_FB, doReadout);
	    loadBlocksOfType(dc, daveBlockType_FC, doReadout);
	    loadBlocksOfType(dc, daveBlockType_DB, doReadout);
	    loadBlocksOfType(dc, daveBlockType_SDB, doReadout);
	    if ((doSFBandSFC) ||(doListall)){	    
		loadBlocksOfType(dc, daveBlockType_SFB, doReadout);
	        loadBlocksOfType(dc, daveBlockType_SFC, doReadout);
	    }
	}
	
	if(doGetHeaders) { 
	    daveListBlocks(dc,NULL);
//	    saveDebug=daveGetDebug();
//	    daveSetDebug(daveDebugAll);
	    getBlockHeadersOfType(dc, daveBlockType_OB);
	    getBlockHeadersOfType(dc, daveBlockType_DB);
	    getBlockHeadersOfType(dc, daveBlockType_FC);
	    getBlockHeadersOfType(dc, daveBlockType_FB);
	    getBlockHeadersOfType(dc, daveBlockType_SFC);
	    getBlockHeadersOfType(dc, daveBlockType_SFB);
//	    daveSetDebug(saveDebug);
	}
	    

	
	if(doBenchmark) {
	    rBenchmark(dc, daveFlags);
	    if(doWrite) {
		wBenchmark(dc, daveFlags);
	    } // doWrite
	} // doBenchmark
	
	if(doSync) {
	    res=daveSetPLCTimeToSystime(dc);
	    doReadTime=1;
	    if (res!=0 && res!=10)
		printf("*** Error: %04X = %s\n",res,daveStrerror(res));		
	} // doSync
	
	if(doReadTime) {
	    printf("read time: ");
	    daveReadPLCTime(dc);
	    for (i=0;i<10;i++) {
		a=daveFromBCD(daveGetU8(dc));
		printf("%d ",a);
	    }
	    printf("\n");
	} // doSync
	
	if(doTestMany) {
	    printf("read a long block of bytes from DB%d\n",aLongDB);
	    buffer=malloc(2000);
//	    res=daveReadBytes(dc,daveDB,aLongDB,0,2000,buffer);
//	    printf("Result code: %04x=%s\n",res, daveStrerror(res));
	    res=daveReadManyBytes(dc,daveDB,aLongDB,0,2000,buffer);
	    printf("Result code: %04x=%s\n",res, daveStrerror(res));
	} // doTestMany

	printf("Before disconnectPLC\n");	
	wait();
	daveDisconnectPLC(dc);
	daveFree(dc);
	if(dc2) {    	
	    daveDisconnectPLC(dc2);
	    daveFree(dc);
	}
	wait();
	printf("Before disconnectAdapter\n");
	daveDisconnectAdapter(di);
	closeS7online(fds.rfd);
	daveFree(di);
	return 0;
	} else {
	    printf("Couldn't connect to PLC.\n Please try again. You may also try the option -2 for some adapters.\n");	
	    daveDisconnectAdapter(di);
	    closeS7online(fds.rfd);
	    return -2;
	}
    } else {
	printf("Couldn't open access point %s\n",argv[adrPos]);	
	return -1;
    }	
}

/*
    Changes: 
    07/19/04  removed unused vars.
    09/09/04  applied patch for variable Profibus speed from Andrew Rostovtsew.
    09/09/04  removed unused include byteswap.h
    09/11/04  added multiple variable read example code.
    12/09/04  removed debug printf from arg processing.
    12/12/04  added Timer/counter read functions.
    04/09/05  removed CYGWIN defines. As there were no more differences against LINUX, it should 
	      work with LINUX defines.
    09/11/05  added a test for daveReadManyBytes
*/