diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index afc8b6f19..590455bd3 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ repos:
     args: ["--python-version=3.8"]
     additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
       - bracex
+      - dependency-groups>=1.2
       - nox
       - orjson
       - packaging
diff --git a/bin/generate_schema.py b/bin/generate_schema.py
index 41f4ad4cd..fa03284a2 100755
--- a/bin/generate_schema.py
+++ b/bin/generate_schema.py
@@ -164,6 +164,9 @@
   test-extras:
     description: Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
     type: string_array
+  test-groups:
+    description: Install extra groups when testing
+    type: string_array
   test-requires:
     description: Install Python dependencies before running the tests
     type: string_array
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/options.py b/cibuildwheel/options.py
index 5e1e71d16..7f813f009 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/options.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/options.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
 from .logger import log
 from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
-from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
+from .projectfiles import get_dependency_groups, get_requires_python_str
 from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
 from .util import (
     MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class BuildOptions:
     before_test: str | None
     test_requires: list[str]
     test_extras: str
+    test_groups: list[str]
     build_verbosity: int
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
     config_settings: str
@@ -568,6 +569,13 @@ def __init__(
             disallow=DISALLOWED_OPTIONS,
         )
 
+        self.project_dir = Path(command_line_arguments.package_dir)
+        try:
+            with self.project_dir.joinpath("pyproject.toml").open("rb") as f:
+                self.pyproject_toml = tomllib.load(f)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self.pyproject_toml = {}
+
     @property
     def config_file_path(self) -> Path | None:
         args = self.command_line_arguments
@@ -584,8 +592,10 @@ def config_file_path(self) -> Path | None:
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def package_requires_python_str(self) -> str | None:
-        args = self.command_line_arguments
-        return get_requires_python_str(Path(args.package_dir))
+        return get_requires_python_str(self.project_dir, self.pyproject_toml)
+
+    def dependency_groups(self, *groups: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        return get_dependency_groups(self.pyproject_toml, *groups)
 
     @property
     def globals(self) -> GlobalOptions:
@@ -672,6 +682,10 @@ def build_options(self, identifier: str | None) -> BuildOptions:
                 "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
             ).split()
             test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ListFormat(sep=","))
+            test_groups = self.reader.get("test-groups", option_format=ListFormat(sep=",")).split(
+                ","
+            )
+            test_dependency_groups = self.dependency_groups(*test_groups)
             build_verbosity_str = self.reader.get("build-verbosity")
 
             build_frontend_str = self.reader.get(
@@ -771,8 +785,9 @@ def build_options(self, identifier: str | None) -> BuildOptions:
             return BuildOptions(
                 globals=self.globals,
                 test_command=test_command,
-                test_requires=test_requires,
+                test_requires=[*test_requires, *test_dependency_groups],
                 test_extras=test_extras,
+                test_groups=test_groups,
                 before_test=before_test,
                 before_build=before_build,
                 before_all=before_all,
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py b/cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py
index c1a376696..d7f229204 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 import configparser
 import contextlib
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
-from ._compat import tomllib
+import dependency_groups
 
 
 def get_parent(node: ast.AST | None, depth: int = 1) -> ast.AST | None:
@@ -84,15 +85,12 @@ def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> str | None:
         return None
 
 
-def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> str | None:
+def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path, pyproject_toml: dict[str, Any]) -> str | None:
     """Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"""
 
     # Read in from pyproject.toml:project.requires-python
-    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-        with (package_dir / "pyproject.toml").open("rb") as f1:
-            info = tomllib.load(f1)
-        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-            return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])
+    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+        return str(pyproject_toml["project"]["requires-python"])
 
     # Read in from setup.cfg:options.python_requires
     config = configparser.ConfigParser()
@@ -106,3 +104,28 @@ def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> str | None:
         return setup_py_python_requires(f2.read())
 
     return None
+
+
+def get_dependency_groups(pyproject_toml: dict[str, Any], *groups: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """
+    Get the packages in dependency-groups for a package.
+    """
+
+    if not groups:
+        return ()
+
+    try:
+        dependency_groups_toml = pyproject_toml["dependency-groups"]
+    except KeyError as e:
+        notes = "__notes__"
+        setattr(
+            e,
+            notes,
+            [
+                *getattr(e, "__notes__", []),
+                f"Didn't find [dependency-groups], which are needed to resolve {', '.join(groups)}.",
+            ],
+        )
+        raise
+
+    return dependency_groups.resolve(dependency_groups_toml, *groups)
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml b/cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml
index 21bac7a0c..f7839643e 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml
+++ b/cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ test-command = ""
 before-test = ""
 test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
+test-groups = []
 
 container-engine = "docker"
 
diff --git a/docs/options.md b/docs/options.md
index 37f54bfab..5ed692d63 100644
--- a/docs/options.md
+++ b/docs/options.md
@@ -1604,6 +1604,40 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
     In configuration files, you can use an inline array, and the items will be joined with a comma.
 
+
+### `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS` {: #test-groups}
+> Install your wheel for testing using `dependency-groups`
+
+List of
+[dependency-groups](https://peps.python.org/pep-0735)
+that should be included when installing the wheel prior to running the
+tests. This can be used to avoid having to redefine test dependencies in
+`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` if they are already defined in `pyproject.toml`.
+
+Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_LINUX` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_PYODIDE`
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
+
+    ```yaml
+    # Will cause the wheel to be installed with these groups of dependencies
+    CIBW_TEST_GROUPS: "test,qt"
+    ```
+
+    Separate multiple items with a comma.
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel]
+    # Will cause the wheel to be installed with these groups of dependencies
+    test-groups = ["test", "qt"]
+    ```
+
+    In configuration files, you can use an inline array, and the items will be joined with a comma.
+
 ### `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` {: #test-skip}
 > Skip running tests on some builds
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 2dd8588f6..f31708d30 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "bashlex!=0.13",
     "bracex",
     "certifi",
+    "dependency-groups>=1.2",
     "filelock",
     "packaging>=20.9",
     "platformdirs",
diff --git a/unit_test/options_toml_test.py b/unit_test/options_toml_test.py
index da21d884b..584c272d8 100644
--- a/unit_test/options_toml_test.py
+++ b/unit_test/options_toml_test.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 test-command = "pyproject"
 test-requires = "something"
 test-extras = ["one", "two"]
+test-groups = ["three", "four"]
 
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux1"
 
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ def test_simple_settings(tmp_path, platform, fname):
         == 'THING="OTHER" FOO="BAR"'
     )
     assert options_reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ListFormat(",")) == "one,two"
+    assert options_reader.get("test-groups", option_format=ListFormat(",")) == "three,four"
 
     assert options_reader.get("manylinux-x86_64-image") == "manylinux1"
     assert options_reader.get("manylinux-i686-image") == "manylinux2014"
@@ -85,7 +87,9 @@ def test_envvar_override(tmp_path, platform):
             "CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE": "manylinux_2_24",
             "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": "mytest",
             "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "docs",
+            "CIBW_TEST_GROUPS": "mgroup,two",
             "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_LINUX": "scod",
+            "CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_LINUX": "lgroup",
         },
     )
 
@@ -99,6 +103,10 @@ def test_envvar_override(tmp_path, platform):
         options_reader.get("test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(" "))
         == {"windows": "docs", "macos": "docs", "linux": "scod"}[platform]
     )
+    assert (
+        options_reader.get("test-groups", option_format=ListFormat(","))
+        == {"windows": "mgroup,two", "macos": "mgroup,two", "linux": "lgroup"}[platform]
+    )
     assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "mytest"
 
 
diff --git a/unit_test/projectfiles_test.py b/unit_test/projectfiles_test.py
index b1839eda3..08f511c4c 100644
--- a/unit_test/projectfiles_test.py
+++ b/unit_test/projectfiles_test.py
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
 
 from textwrap import dedent
 
-from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, setup_py_python_requires
+from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
+from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import (
+    get_dependency_groups,
+    get_requires_python_str,
+    setup_py_python_requires,
+)
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_simple(tmp_path):
@@ -23,7 +28,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_simple(tmp_path):
         )
 
     assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) == "1.23"
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.23"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) == "1.23"
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_if_main(tmp_path):
@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_if_main(tmp_path):
         )
 
     assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) == "1.23"
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.23"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) == "1.23"
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_if_main_reversed(tmp_path):
@@ -67,7 +72,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_if_main_reversed(tmp_path):
         )
 
     assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) == "1.23"
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.23"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) == "1.23"
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_if_invalid(tmp_path):
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_if_invalid(tmp_path):
         )
 
     assert not setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text())
-    assert not get_requires_python_str(tmp_path)
+    assert not get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {})
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_full(tmp_path):
@@ -115,7 +120,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_full(tmp_path):
     assert (
         setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text(encoding="utf8")) == "1.24"
     )
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.24"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) == "1.24"
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_assign(tmp_path):
@@ -138,7 +143,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_assign(tmp_path):
         )
 
     assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) is None
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) is None
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) is None
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_None(tmp_path):
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_None(tmp_path):
         )
 
     assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) is None
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) is None
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) is None
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_empty(tmp_path):
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_empty(tmp_path):
         )
 
     assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) is None
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) is None
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) is None
 
 
 def test_read_setup_cfg(tmp_path):
@@ -199,7 +204,7 @@ def test_read_setup_cfg(tmp_path):
             )
         )
 
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.234"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) == "1.234"
 
 
 def test_read_setup_cfg_empty(tmp_path):
@@ -215,7 +220,7 @@ def test_read_setup_cfg_empty(tmp_path):
             )
         )
 
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) is None
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, {}) is None
 
 
 def test_read_pyproject_toml(tmp_path):
@@ -231,8 +236,10 @@ def test_read_pyproject_toml(tmp_path):
                 """
             )
         )
+    with open(tmp_path / "pyproject.toml", "rb") as f:
+        pyproject_toml = tomllib.load(f)
 
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.654"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, pyproject_toml) == "1.654"
 
 
 def test_read_pyproject_toml_empty(tmp_path):
@@ -245,5 +252,15 @@ def test_read_pyproject_toml_empty(tmp_path):
                 """
             )
         )
+    with open(tmp_path / "pyproject.toml", "rb") as f:
+        pyproject_toml = tomllib.load(f)
 
-    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) is None
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path, pyproject_toml) is None
+
+
+def test_read_dep_groups():
+    pyproject_toml = {"dependency-groups": {"group1": ["pkg1", "pkg2"], "group2": ["pkg3"]}}
+    assert get_dependency_groups(pyproject_toml) == ()
+    assert get_dependency_groups(pyproject_toml, "group1") == ("pkg1", "pkg2")
+    assert get_dependency_groups(pyproject_toml, "group2") == ("pkg3",)
+    assert get_dependency_groups(pyproject_toml, "group1", "group2") == ("pkg1", "pkg2", "pkg3")