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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<title>Climateers | Public Sentiment</title>
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<section class="wrapper style3 sentiment-banner">
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<header class="align-center">
<p>Public Sentiment</p>
<h2>What do you think about climate change?</h2>
</header>
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</section>
<!-- main body container -->
<section class="wrapper style2">
<div class="inner">
<div class="box">
<div class="content">
<header class="align-center">
<p>In the United States</p>
<h2>American Stances on Climate</h2>
<br>
</header>
<div class="row 200%">
<div class="5u 12u$(medium)">
<h4><i>"How much do you think <b>human activity</b>, such as the burning of fossil fuels,
contributes to global climate change?"</i></h4>
<h5>Pew Research, <i><a
href="https://www.pewresearch.org/science/dataset/american-trends-panel-wave-55/" target="_blank">American
Trends Panel, Wave 55, Oct. 2019</a></i></h5>
<hr>
<p>In the U.S., the existence of climate change and the role of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have
become a highly partisan topic. In this survey, <b>political leanings</b> had the most
widely differing responses between groups, as compared to other demographics such as
age, gender, and education.
<br><br>
As depicted, Democratic-associated respondents were much more
likely to answer that human activity contributed to climate change as opposed to the
Republican-associated. Hover over each segment to view the number of responses for each
group.
<br><br>
</p>
</div>
<div class="7u 12u$(medium)">
<div id='partychart' style="width: 100%; height: 500px;"></div>
<br><br>
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<div class='6u 12u$(medium)'>
<div id='globalchart' style="width: 100%; height: 750px;"></div>
</div>
<div class="6u 12u$(medium)">
<br>
<h4><i>"Do you think that <b>global climate change</b> is a major threat, a minor threat, or
not a threat to your country?"</i></h4>
<h5>Pew Research, <i><a
href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/dataset/spring-2018-survey-data/" target="_blank">Global
Attitudes Survey, Spring 2018</a></i></h5>
<hr>
<p style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Among the 27 surveyed countries, the U.S. ranked in the
<b>lower-half</b> of percent of
respondents who consider climate change to be a "major threat", and had the
<b>fourth-highest</b> percent of respondents stating that climate change is
"not a threat".
<br><br>
While climate change does pose serious potential repercussions for all in the future, it
does stand to affect certain countries more dramatically before others, particularly:
</p>
<ul>
<li>smaller island or peninsula countries (South Korea, Japan),</li>
<li>countries with signficant areas closer to sea level (Greece, Italy), </li>
<li>as well as countries near the equator (Brazil, Mexico).</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Climate change may be less of a perceived threat to:</p>
<ul>
<li>countries with more inland populations (U.S., Russia)</li>
<li>and/or lower baseline education (Kenya, Indonesia, Tunisia, South Africa, Nigeria).</li>
</ul>
<p>
Hover over the bars to view the percentage of responses for each country.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="wrapper style3 sentiment-banner">
<div class="inner">
<header class="align-center">
<p>opinions on twitter</p>
<h2>How does the internet think?</h2>
</header>
</div>
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<div class="inner" align='center'>
<p>On <a href="https://twitter.com/explore" target="_blank">Twitter</a>, users share opinions on multitudes of various topics, not excluding the issue
of climate change. Two tags on climate change are particularly opinionated in opposite ways: <br>
<b>#climatechangehoax</b> and <b>#climatechangeisreal</b>.
</p>
<p>We compiled lists of tweets (with <a href="https://github.com/twintproject/twint" target="_blank">Twint</a>) for each tag
from January 2014 to October 2020 that were retweeted
at least <i>100 times</i>.<br>We then used the module <a href="https://www.fast.ai/" target="_blank">fastAI</a> to
create a neural network and
perform deep learning on each group of tweets. With these models, we were able to generate new tweets
based on the existing ones.
</p>
<br><br>
<div class="grid-style">
<div>
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<div id="carouselIndicators" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carouselIndicators" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
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<li data-target="#carouselIndicators" data-slide-to="3"></li>
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<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active" data-interval="12000">
<img src="images/tweet_hoax1.jpg" class="d-block w-100" alt="">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item" data-interval="12000">
<img src="images/tweet_hoax2.jpg" class="d-block w-100" alt="">
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<img src="images/tweet_hoax3.jpg" class="d-block w-100" alt="">
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</div>
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<header class="align-center">
<h2>#ClimateChangeHoax</h2>
</header>
<p>Typically attached to users who deny or downplay the severity of global
climate change and the role carbon emissions. Occasionally includes tweets
that treat the notion of a "hoax" with sarcasm.
<br><br>
Total of 192 tweets analyzed.
</p>
<footer class="align-center">
<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechangehoax?lang=en" class="button alt" target="_blank">See the Real <b>#ClimateChangeHoax</b> Tweets</a>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
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<div id="carouselIndicators2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carouselIndicators2" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselIndicators2" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselIndicators2" data-slide-to="2"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselIndicators2" data-slide-to="3"></li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active" data-interval="12000">
<img src="images/tweet_real1.jpg" class="d-block w-100" alt="">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item" data-interval="12000">
<img src="images/tweet_real2.jpg" class="d-block w-100" alt="">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item" data-interval="12000">
<img src="images/tweet_real3.jpg" class="d-block w-100" alt="">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item" data-interval="12000">
<img src="images/tweet_real4.jpg" class="d-block w-100" alt="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<header class="align-center">
<h2>#ClimateChangeIsReal</h2>
</header>
<p>Usually attached to posts stressing and insisting on the existence of climate change,
as well as future consequences as a result of global warming. Has fewer sarcastic
posts, but still some.
<br><br>
Total of 414 tweets analyzed.
</p>
<footer class="align-center">
<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechangeisreal?lang=en" class="button alt" target="_blank">See the Real <b>#ClimateChangeIsReal</b> Tweets</a>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h4><br>Clearly, these "tweets" differ from actual human language. </h4>
<p>However, they do capture salient, repeated terms and phrases in both groups even with fairly
small datasets for the models to work from. This provides valuable insight in human
tendencies and stances on social media using NLP.
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<h4>Then again, humans are capable of being very <b>changeable.</b></h4>
<hr>
<p>This graphic of just one particular individual demonstrates that
even the same person can deliver vastly differing opinions on a single matter.
</p>
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