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Using Environment Variables

It is good practice to make a FLAT app configurable so that it can run in multiple environments. For example, the upstream APIs have different locations in a local dev setup and the production system.

FLAT runs as a Docker Container and can make use of the environment variables defined in Dockerfile, docker-compose.yml or with docker run -e.

Defining Env Vars

flat cli

In a development setup we may use flat cli to run our API. By convention, all shell environment variables starting with FLAT_ are passed into the container.

Let's start FLAT with an env variable:

$ export FLAT_MY_VAR="my value"
$ flat start

(We assume, that you have a swagger.yaml and some API path that you can call. If you're not so far, yet, checkout the tutorial).

The env vars can be inspected with the env debug topic:

$ curl -s -H debug:env localhost:8080/ > /dev/null
debug   [env]                  Env vars: {
    "HOSTNAME": "cee6f96cd5ac",
    "FLAT_DEBUG": ":error:log",
    "PATH": "…",
    "PWD": "…",
    "FLAT_MY_VAR": "my value",
    "SHLVL": 1,
    "HOME": "/home/flat"
}

There's our FLAT_MY_VAR! (The FLAT_DEBUG var is set by flat cli to allow this kind of debugging).

Note that we have discarded the actual HTTP response with > /dev/null. The default debug sink in flat is stderr which is printed on the starting shell. If you have no idea where this terminal window is, you can also include the debug output in the HTTP response:

$ curl -s -H debug:env::inline localhost:8080

The inline sink interweaves the debug output with your API response. It will disturb your response, but it is sometimes handy for debugging…

Docker

If you control the docker setup yourself (e.g. docker-compose, Kubernetes, …) you can use its built-in support for environment variables. In this case, you are not bound to variable names starting with FLAT_.

Your docker-compose.yaml could look like this:

version: '3'
services:
  flat:
    image: sevenvaltechnologies/flatrunner
    volumes:
      - .:/app
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    environment:
      - MY_VAR=my value

We have defined MY_VAR in the environment section. Start the container with

$ docker-compose up

and run the curl command again:

$ curl -s -H debug:env::inline localhost:8080

This time the debug output will appear in the docker-compose output. If your container is running in the background, you may start another log tail with

$ docker-compose logs -f

Between a bunch of access logs, you will see the current environment dump:

flat_1  | … debug   [env]                  Env vars: {
flat_1  |     "HOSTNAME": "1a315a77a2ed",
flat_1  |     "MY_VAR": "my value",
flat_1  |     "PATH": "…",
flat_1  |     "PWD": "…",
flat_1  |     "SHLVL": 1,
flat_1  |     "HOME": "/home/flat"
flat_1  | }

Another way of defining env vars would be the -e flag of a simple docker run:

$ docker run --rm -it -e MY_VAR="my value" -v "$(pwd):/app" sevenvaltechnologies/flatrunner

Great! We now know how to define environment variables. Let's use them!

Accessing Env Vars in Flows

All environment variables are accessible from flows by the system variable $env. It is an OXN object with the defined environment variables as properties:

{
  "MY_VAR": "my value",
  …
}

We could create a simple template to send our env var back to the client:

<flow>
  <template>
  {
    "my var": {{ $env/MY_VAR }}
  }
  </template>
</flow>

Use Cases

Upstream URLs

A typical use-case for an env var is the base URL of an upstream API.

Let's define the origin of our auth service:

AUTH_SERVICE=http://localhost:3000

To request the auth service, we have to build a URL:

<flow>
  <request>
  {
    "url": {{ concat($env/AUTH_SERVICE, "/v1/logout" )}},
    "headers": {
      {{: $request/headers/authorization }}
    }
  }
  </request>
</flow>

If the app is deployed into production, the AUTH_SERVICE variable will be set to another value, probably one with https and running on a different port.

JWT

When working with JWT a signing key (or two, in case of RS* algos) need to be configured in FLAT. It is good idea to pass these as environment variables.

See Working with JWT for a larger example.

Credentials

Often, access between services is restricted by an HTTP Authentication.

You could read Basic Auth credentials from an env var in your request:

<flow>
  <request>
  {
    "url": "…",
    "options": {
      "basic-auth-credentials": {{ $env/AUTH_SERVICE_CREDS }}
    }
  }
  </request>
</flow>

Or you need to include a token in your requests:

<flow>
  <request>
  {
    "url": "…",
    "headers": {
      "authentication": {{ concat("Bearer ", $env/AUTH_SERVICE_TOKEN) }}
    }
  }
  </request>
</flow>

See also