Aircraft Emissions

Library version: 0.1.0

Standards: CAEP/12 - 01 January 2023

ICAO Databank: v29B - 20 June 2023

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The aircraft_emissions library gives access to ICAO's emission certification standards¹² and the emissions databank of certified aircraft engines³. Designed to support environmental compliance and analysis, this library facilitates:

• 🚩 Emission Certification: Assists in ensuring compliance with international standards.
• ✈️ Market Analysis: Facilitates comparison of various aircraft engines.
• 🎨 Data Visualization: Offers tools for illustrating emissions and understanding trade-offs.

The library covers:

• Turbojet and turbofan engines with thrust greater than 26.7kN.
• Standards up to CAEP/12, applicable to both existing and newly introduced engine types from 1^st January 2023.
• Pollutant emissions from engine exhaust, including gaseous pollutants (NOx, CO, HC, Smoke-Number) and non-volatile particulate matter (mass, number, and concentration).
• Subsonic and supersonic engines.

⚠️ Disclaimer
This library is independent and not affiliated with any certifying organizations or manufacturers. Data is based on publicly available sources.

Installation

Please be aware that this repository does not host the complete source code of the library. Instead, detailed information about the use cases it covers and the functionalities it provides can be found within the documentation.

For access to the full library, including the source code, please contact the author directly.

Certification

The example below demonstrates the certification of the PW1133G Block-D engine according to CAEP/8 NOx standard, based on exhaust emissions measurements.

For guidance on certifying both gaseous and nvPM emissions for engines under the CAEP/12 standard, please consult the documentation for comprehensive details.

from aircraft_emissions import certificate
from aircraft_emissions.datasets import Dataset, SubsonicPoints
from aircraft_emissions.standards.subsonic import StandardNoxCaep8

# PW1122G Block-D - UID:01P22PW158
dataset = Dataset(
    rated_thrust=107.82,
    opr=28.78,
    number_engines_tested=1,
    fuel_massflow=SubsonicPoints(0.710, 0.600, 0.210, 0.080),
    emissions=SubsonicPoints(18.206, 15.392, 10.422, 5.008),
)

# Certificate
certificate.emission(dataset, StandardNoxCaep8)

Which gives the following result:

{
  'is_certified': True,
  'percent_of_limit': 64.7,
  'number_engines_tested': 1,
  'characteristic': 31.3,
  'limit': 48.4,
}

Market data analysis

Comparing multiple engines in terms of their environmental impact on air quality can be easily assessed. The following example compares the engines of the Airbus A320 NEO regarding NOx certification, illustrating their relative positioning to each other and their compliance with current standards.

This analysis can be extended to other engines, other pollutants, and different graphical representations. For more details, please refer to the documentation.

from aircraft_emissions import plot

# Select engines available on the Airbus A320 NEO
engines = ['LEAP-1A 2019', "PW1100G Block-D"]

# Plot NOx certification values against standard limits
plot.characteristic.nox(engines)

Visualizing emission trade-offs

Understanding the impact of technological choices on pollutant emissions is crucial. By visualizing the evolution of trade-offs for engines with new combustion chamber definitions, one can gain insights into the environmental implications of these technologies.

The following example demonstrates the trade-off between EINOx and EICO for the CFM56-7B engine, comparing its performance at entry into service named SAC and after the emission certification update with the introduction of the Tech Insertion definition.

It can be observed that while the Tech Insertion definition has led to a reduction in EINOx emissions, this has been at the expense of EICO.

from aircraft_emissions import plot

# Visualize the NOx - CO trade-off
plot.gaseous_measures(
    x="thrust",
    y=['einox', 'eico'],
    engines=["CFM56-7B SAC", "CFM56-7B Tech Insertion"]
)

Footnotes

1. https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/environment/icao-aircraft-engine-emissions-databank ↩

2. https://ffac.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ICAO-Annex-16-Environmental-protection-Vol-II-Aircraft-Engine-Emissions.pdf ↩

3. https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/domains/environment/icao-aircraft-engine-emissions-databank ↩