beWarehouse : Debian Daily Operations Cheat Sheet

System Information

Check Debian Version:
```
lsb_release -a
```
Check Kernel Version:
```
uname -r
```
Check System Uptime:
```
uptime
```
Check Disk Usage:
```
df -h
```
Check Memory Usage:
```
free -h
```
Check CPU Usage:
```
top
```

Package Management

Update Package List:
```
sudo apt update
```
Upgrade All Packages:
```
sudo apt upgrade
```
Full System Upgrade:
```
sudo apt full-upgrade
```
Install a Package:
```
sudo apt install package-name
```
Remove a Package:
```
sudo apt remove package-name
```
Purge a Package (removes config files):
```
sudo apt purge package-name
```
Search for a Package:
```
apt search package-name
```
List Installed Packages:
```
dpkg -l
```
Check Package Details:
```
apt show package-name
```
Clean Up Unused Packages:
```
sudo apt autoremove
```

User Management

Add a New User:
```
sudo adduser username
```
Delete a User:
```
sudo deluser username
```
Add User to a Group:
```
sudo usermod -aG groupname username
```
Change User Password:
```
sudo passwd username
```

File System Operations

List Files in Directory:
```
ls -l
```
Change Directory:
```
cd /path/to/directory
```
Create a New Directory:
```
mkdir directory-name
```
Remove a Directory:
```
rmdir directory-name
```
Copy Files:
```
cp source-file destination-file
```
Move/Rename Files:
```
mv source-file destination-file
```
Remove Files:
```
rm file-name
```

Bash Basic Commands

Edit .bashrc:
```
nano ~/.bashrc
```
Or use your preferred text editor, such as vim or code.
Apply Changes Immediately:
```
source ~/.bashrc
```
Or simply:
```
. ~/.bashrc
```

Common `.bashrc` Settings

Set Environment Variables:

export VARIABLE_NAME="value"

Example:

export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin"

Add Aliases:
```
alias ll='ls -la'
alias gs='git status'
```
Aliases create shortcuts for longer commands.

Set Custom Prompt:

PS1="\u@\h:\w\$ "

Customize your shell prompt with colors and details:

PS1='\[\e[0;32m\]\u@\h\[\e[m\]:\[\e[0;34m\]\w\[\e[m\]\$ '

Define Functions:

my_function() {
  echo "Hello, World!"
}

Change Default Editor:
```
export EDITOR=nano
```

Set Up Command History:

export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTFILESIZE=2000

Advanced Configurations

Enable Command Autocompletion:

if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
  . /etc/bash_completion
fi

Run Commands on Shell Start:
```
echo "Welcome back, $USER!"
```

Load Additional Scripts:

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
  . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

Set Up SSH Agent:

if [ -f ~/.ssh/agent.env ]; then
  . ~/.ssh/agent.env
fi

Customize History Behavior:

export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:erasedups
export HISTIGNORE="ls:ps:history"

Set Up Colorized ls Output:
```
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
```

Troubleshooting

Check Syntax Errors:
```
bash -n ~/.bashrc
```
Restore Default .bashrc: If you encounter issues, you can restore the default .bashrc by copying from /etc/skel/:
```
cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/
```

Network Operations

Check IP Address:
```
ip a
```
Check Network Connections:
```
ss -tuln
```
Ping a Host:
```
ping hostname-or-ip
```
Check Routing Table:
```
ip route
```
Restart Network Service:
```
sudo systemctl restart networking
```

System Services

Check Service Status:
```
sudo systemctl status service-name
```
Start a Service:
```
sudo systemctl start service-name
```
Stop a Service:
```
sudo systemctl stop service-name
```
Restart a Service:
```
sudo systemctl restart service-name
```
Enable a Service to Start at Boot:
```
sudo systemctl enable service-name
```
Disable a Service from Starting at Boot:
```
sudo systemctl disable service-name
```

System Logs

View System Logs:
```
journalctl -xe
```
View Specific Log File:
```
less /var/log/syslog
```
Tail a Log File:
```
tail -f /var/log/syslog
```

Git Configuration

Set Global Git User Email & Name:

  git config --global user.email "siddhant22496@iiitd.ac.in"
  git config --global user.name "kintsugi-warrior"

Check Git Configuration:
```
git config --list
```
Clone a Repository:
```
git clone repository-url
```
Check Status of Repository:
```
git status
```
Commit Changes:
```
git commit -m "commit message"
```
Push Changes to Remote:
```
git push
```
Pull Changes from Remote:
```
git pull
```

Python

Check Python Version:
```
python --version
```
Check Python3 Version:
```
python3 --version
```
Install Python Package:
```
pip install package-name
```
Install Python3 Package:
```
pip3 install package-name
```
List Installed Python Packages:
```
pip list
```
Create Virtual Environment:
```
python -m venv env-name
```
Activate Virtual Environment:
```
source env-name/bin/activate
```
Deactivate Virtual Environment:
```
deactivate
```

Environment Variables

Set Environment Variable Temporarily:
```
export VARIABLE_NAME=value
```

Set Environment Variable Permanently (in .bashrc or .bash_profile):

echo 'export VARIABLE_NAME=value' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

View Environment Variables:
```
printenv
```

SSH

Generate SSH Key Pair:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your-email@example.com"

Add SSH Key to SSH Agent:

eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Copy SSH Key to Clipboard:
```
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
```
Connect to a Remote Host:
```
ssh username@hostname
```
View SSH Configuration:
```
cat ~/.ssh/config
```

OpenFortiVPN

Install OpenFortiVPN:
```
sudo apt install openfortivpn
```

Connect to a VPN:

sudo openfortivpn -c /etc/openfortivpn/config

Connect to a IIITD :

sudo openfortivpn vpn.iiitd.edu.in:10443 --username=siddhant22496

Config file

  sudo nano /etc/openfortivpn/config
  sudo chmod 600 /etc/openfortivpn/config
  sudo openfortivpn

# OpenFortiVPN Configuration File

host = vpn.iiitd.edu.in
port = 10443
username = siddhant22496
# Uncomment the following line if you have a password file
# password = /path/to/password-file
# Optional: You can specify the VPN gateway, client certificate, etc.
# gateway = vpn-gateway-address
# client-cert = /path/to/client-cert.pem
# client-key = /path/to/client-key.pem

Check OpenFortiVPN Status:
```
sudo systemctl status openfortivpn
```
Start OpenFortiVPN Service:
```
sudo systemctl start openfortivpn
```
Stop OpenFortiVPN Service:
```
sudo systemctl stop openfortivpn
```
Enable OpenFortiVPN Service to Start at Boot:
```
sudo systemctl enable openfortivpn
```

Miscellaneous

Alias Setup:

nano ~/.bashrc

alias shortcut_name='full_command'

source ~/.bashrc

Reboot the System:
```
sudo reboot
```
Shutdown the System:
```
sudo shutdown -h now
```
Check for Broken Packages:
```
sudo apt --fix-broken install
```
Check Disk Space Usage:
```
sudo du -sh /path/to/directory
```

REcent

#!/bin/bash

# Clear terminal
clear

# List contents of the current directory
ls
ls -R
clear

# Install necessary packages
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y curl neofetch build-essential code git-all lolcat htop golang qbittorrent mysql-server sublime-text libreoffice pix audacious ghostwriter github-desktop virtualbox virtualbox-ext-pack tree fd-find exa duf cheese

# Install Brave browser
sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install brave-browser -y

# Set opacity for Visual Studio Code
bash -c 'for W in $(wmctrl -l |grep "Visual Studio Code" |awk '\''{print $1}'\''); do xprop -id $W -format _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c -set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY $(printf 0x%x $((0xffffffff * 97 / 100))); done'

# Git configuration
git config --global user.email "siddhant22496@iiitd.ac.in"
git config --global user.name "kintsugi-warrior"

# Install OpenFortiVPN and connect
sudo apt install -y openfortivpn
sudo openfortivpn vpn.iiitd.edu.in:10443 --username=siddhant22496
sudo chmod 600 /etc/openfortivpn/config
openfortivpn

# Clone GitHub repository
gh repo clone kintsugi-programmer/balisalgo
git clone https://github.com/kintsugi-programmer/balisalgo.git

# Install GitHub CLI
(type -p wget >/dev/null || (sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install wget -y)) 
sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings 
wget -qO- https://cli.github.com/packages/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null 
sudo chmod go+r /etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg 
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/github-cli.list > /dev/null 
sudo apt update 
sudo apt install gh -y

# Compile and run C++ code
cd "/home/kintsugi-warrior/BaliGit/balisalgo/CodeRunner/" && g++ code.cpp -o code && "./code"
cd "/home/kintsugi-warrior/BaliGit/balisalgo/cpp/" && g++ cppprac.cpp -o cppprac && "./cppprac"
cd "/home/kintsugi-warrior/BaliGit/balisalgo/patterns/" && g++ prac.cpp -o prac && "./prac"

# Update and upgrade the system
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# Install g++
sudo apt install g++ -y

# Re-run C++ code after g++ installation
cd "/home/kintsugi-warrior/BaliGit/balisalgo/CodeRunner/" && g++ code.cpp -o code && "./code"
cd "/home/kintsugi-warrior/BaliGit/balisalgo/" && g++ code.cpp -o code && "./code"

# Bashrc modifications and source
nano ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# Connect to IIITD VPN
iiitd

# Set opacity for Visual Studio Code (multiple times)
bash -c 'for W in $(wmctrl -l |grep "Visual Studio Code" |awk '\''{print $1}'\''); do xprop -id $W -format _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c -set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY $(printf 0x%x $((0xffffffff * 97 / 100))); done'

System Update & Upgrade

echo "Updating and upgrading system..."
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Install Required Packages

echo "Installing required packages..."
sudo apt install -y neofetch build-essential code git-all curl lolcat htop golang qbittorrent mysql-server sublime-text libreoffice pix audacious ghostwriter github-desktop virtualbox virtualbox-ext-pack tree fd-find exa duf cheese

Visual Studio Code Extensions

echo "Installing Visual Studio Code extensions..."
code --install-extension ahmadawais.shades-of-purple \
     --install-extension CoenraadS.bracket-pair-colorizer-2 \
     --install-extension eamodio.gitlens \
     --install-extension dbaeumer.vscode-eslint \
     --install-extension esbenp.prettier-vscode \
     --install-extension ritwickdey.LiveServer \
     --install-extension msjsdiag.debugger-for-chrome \
     --install-extension ms-azuretools.vscode-docker \
     --install-extension ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh \
     --install-extension ms-vscode.cpptools \
     --install-extension formulahendry.code-runner \
     --install-extension Zackptg5.Glassit \
     --install-extension ms-toolsai.jupyter \
     --install-extension vscjava.vscode-maven \
     --install-extension mtxr.sqltools \
     --install-extension ms-python.python \
     --install-extension donjayamanne.githistory \
     --install-extension vscodevim.vim \
     --install-extension dsznajder.es7-react-js-snippets \
     --install-extension esbenp.prettier-vscode \
     --install-extension ecmel.vscode-html-css \
     --install-extension GitHub.copilot

Clone & Install auto-cpufreq

echo "Installing auto-cpufreq..."
git clone https://github.com/AdnanHodzic/auto-cpufreq.git
cd auto-cpufreq && sudo ./auto-cpufreq-installer
cd ..

Install Brave Browser

echo "Installing Brave browser..."
sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y brave-browser

Install Spotify

echo "Installing Spotify..."
curl -sS https://download.spotify.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y spotify-client

Install Sublime Text

echo "Installing Sublime Text..."
wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-add-repository "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y sublime-text

Install TLDR

echo "Installing TLDR..."
sudo apt install -y tldr
sudo tldr --update

Install Node.js and npm

echo "Installing Node.js and npm..."
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs npm

Add User to vboxusers Group

echo "Adding user to vboxusers group..."
sudo usermod -aG vboxusers $USER

Here's a similar style documentation for the commands from your history:

NVIDIA Drivers

Purge Existing NVIDIA Drivers:
```
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
```
Update Package Lists:
```
sudo apt-get update
```

Install Build Essentials and DKMS:

sudo apt-get install build-essential dkms

List Available NVIDIA Drivers:
```
ubuntu-drivers devices
```
Install NVIDIA Driver 535:
```
sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-535
```

Update GRUB Configuration:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub
sudo update-grub
sudo reboot

Brave Browser

Add Brave Browser GPG Key:

sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg

Add Brave Repository:

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list

Install Brave Browser:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install brave-browser

GNOME Tweaks & Window Opacity

Install GNOME Tweaks:
```
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks
```

Set Visual Studio Code Window Opacity to 80%:

bash -c 'for W in $(wmctrl -l | grep "Visual Studio Code" | awk '{print $1}'); do xprop -id $W -format _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c -set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY $(printf 0x%x $((0xffffffff * 80 / 100))); done'

Touchegg

Add Touchegg PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:touchegg/stable

Install Touchegg:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install touchegg

Enable Touchegg Service:

sudo systemctl start touchegg
sudo systemctl enable touchegg

Miscellaneous

Uninstall Cheese Webcam Application:
```
sudo apt purge cheese
```
Install Docker using Nala:
```
sudo nala install docker.io
```

Install Nix Package Manager:

sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon

Install Ubuntu Restricted Extras:

sudo nala install ubuntu-restricted-extras -y

Clean Up Nix Packages:
```
nix-collect-garbage
```

Here's a concise cheat sheet for working with Nix:

Nix Basics

Install Nix:

sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon

Enter a Nix Shell with Specific Packages:
```
nix-shell -p package1 package2
```
Enter a Nix Shell with default.nix:
```
nix-shell
```
Install a Package System-Wide:
```
nix-env -iA nixpkgs.packageName
```
Search for a Package:
```
nix-env -qaP | grep packageName
```
Uninstall a Package:
```
nix-env -e packageName
```

Nix Packages and Channels

Update Nix Channels:
```
nix-channel --update
```

Add a New Nix Channel:

nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable

List Installed Packages:
```
nix-env -q
```

Nix Garbage Collection

Remove Unused Packages:
```
nix-collect-garbage
```
Remove All Old Generations:
```
nix-collect-garbage -d
```
List All Generations:
```
nix-env --list-generations
```

Nix Shell

Create a default.nix File:

{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
pkgs.mkShell {
  buildInputs = [ pkgs.package1 pkgs.package2 ];
}

Enter a Nix Shell with shell.nix:
```
nix-shell shell.nix
```

NixOS Specific

Rebuild System Configuration:
```
nixos-rebuild switch
```
Edit NixOS Configuration:
```
sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
```
Install NixOS Configuration:
```
nixos-rebuild boot
```

Nix Expressions

Run a Nix Expression:
```
nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A packageName
```

Create a Simple Nix Expression:

{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
  name = "hello";
  src = ./src;
  buildInputs = [ pkgs.gcc ];
  buildPhase = "make";
  installPhase = "make install";
}

Basic GRUB Commands

Update GRUB Configuration:
```
sudo update-grub
```
This regenerates the GRUB configuration file (grub.cfg) based on the scripts in /etc/grub.d/.
Edit GRUB Configuration:
```
sudo nano /etc/default/grub
```
Use this to modify GRUB settings like the default operating system, timeout, etc.
Apply GRUB Changes:
```
sudo update-grub
```
Always run this command after editing /etc/default/grub to apply changes.

Common GRUB Settings in `/etc/default/grub`

Set Default Operating System:
```
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
```
Change the number to select a different OS from the list (0-based index).
Set GRUB Timeout:
```
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
```
Set the timeout period in seconds before GRUB boots the default OS.
Enable/Disable GRUB Hidden Menu:
```
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
```
Set to hidden to hide the menu, or menu to show it.

Change GRUB Background Image:

GRUB_BACKGROUND="/path/to/your/image.png"

Add Kernel Parameters:
```
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet splash"
```
You can add additional kernel parameters here.

Advanced GRUB Commands

Reinstall GRUB on a Specific Disk:
```
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
```
Replace /dev/sda with the target disk.
Boot into GRUB Command Line: Press c at the GRUB menu.
List Available Disks and Partitions:
```
ls
```
Useful in GRUB command line to identify disk partitions.
Set Root Partition:
```
set root=(hd0,1)
```
Adjust (hd0,1) according to your partition layout.
Load Kernel Manually (from GRUB CLI):
```
linux /boot/vmlinuz-x.x.x-xx-generic root=/dev/sda1 ro
```
Replace /dev/sda1 with your root partition.

Load Initial RAM Disk:

initrd /boot/initrd.img-x.x.x-xx-generic

Boot Manually (after setting kernel and initrd):
```
boot
```

GRUB Rescue Mode

Enter GRUB Rescue Mode: If GRUB cannot find its configuration files, it may drop you into rescue mode.

Set Root and Prefix:

set root=(hd0,1)
set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub

Load Normal Module and Boot:
```
insmod normal
normal
```

Recovering GRUB

Boot from a Live CD/USB and Mount Partitions:

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

Chroot into the Mounted System:
```
sudo chroot /mnt
```
Reinstall GRUB from Chroot:
```
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub
```

Exit Chroot and Unmount:

exit
sudo umount /mnt/dev /mnt/proc /mnt/sys
sudo umount /mnt

Nala Basics

Update Package List:
```
sudo nala fetch
```
Upgrade Installed Packages:
```
sudo nala upgrade
```
Install a Package:
```
sudo nala install package-name
```
Remove a Package:
```
sudo nala remove package-name
```
Purge a Package (removes package and configuration files):
```
sudo nala purge package-name
```
Search for a Package:
```
nala search package-name
```
Show Information About a Package:
```
nala show package-name
```
List All Installed Packages:
```
nala list --installed
```

Advanced Usage

Install Multiple Packages:

sudo nala install package1 package2 package3

Simulate an Installation or Upgrade:

nala install package-name --simulate
nala upgrade --simulate

View Change Log for a Package:
```
nala changelog package-name
```
Hold a Package (prevent it from being upgraded):
```
sudo nala hold package-name
```
Unhold a Package:
```
sudo nala unhold package-name
```
Clean Up Unused Packages and Dependencies:
```
sudo nala autoremove
```

Nala History

View Package Management History:
```
nala history
```
Undo the Last Operation:
```
sudo nala history undo
```
Redo the Last Undo:
```
sudo nala history redo
```

Configuration

Set Preferred Language:
```
sudo nala config --set language en
```

Enable Parallel Downloads:

sudo nala config --set parallel_downloads true

Reset Nala Configuration:
```
sudo nala config --reset
```

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 9 Commits
DBMS		DBMS
DIS		DIS
DPP		DPP
DePlag		DePlag
NN		NN
OS		OS
PIS		PIS
Python		Python
RMSSD		RMSSD
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
README.md		README.md

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beWarehouse : Debian Daily Operations Cheat Sheet

Table of Contents

System Information

Package Management

User Management

File System Operations

Bash Basic Commands

Common .bashrc Settings

Advanced Configurations

Troubleshooting

Network Operations

System Services

System Logs

Git Configuration

Python

Environment Variables

SSH

OpenFortiVPN

Miscellaneous

REcent

System Update & Upgrade

Install Required Packages

Visual Studio Code Extensions

Clone & Install auto-cpufreq

Install Brave Browser

Install Spotify

Install Sublime Text

Install TLDR

Install Node.js and npm

Add User to vboxusers Group

NVIDIA Drivers

Brave Browser

GNOME Tweaks & Window Opacity

Touchegg

Miscellaneous

Nix Basics

Nix Packages and Channels

Nix Garbage Collection

Nix Shell

NixOS Specific

Nix Expressions

Basic GRUB Commands

Common GRUB Settings in /etc/default/grub

Advanced GRUB Commands

GRUB Rescue Mode

Recovering GRUB

Nala Basics

Advanced Usage

Nala History

Configuration

About

Resources

Stars

Watchers

Forks

Releases

Packages 0

Languages

Common `.bashrc` Settings

Common GRUB Settings in `/etc/default/grub`

Packages