[13.x] Add insertReturning method query builder

[TABbl]

Adds an insertReturning() method to Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder. Laravel already has insertOrIgnoreReturning() (#59025), which returns inserted rows' columns via native RETURNING — this PR adds the plain counterpart of it: same idea, minus the conflict-ignoring behavior, for cases where you just want a normal batch insert with the results back.

insertOrIgnoreReturning() solved returning IDs for inserts that silently skip conflicting rows. But insertOrIgnore is the wrong tool whenever an application actually wants constraint violations to fail loudly — which is the common case outside of idempotent import/sync jobs. Today, there is no way to batch-insert several rows and get their generated results back in one round trip while still preserving normal insert failure behavior:

insertGetId() only supports a single row — looping it per row for a batch defeats the purpose of batching and multiplies query count linearly with row count.
insert() returns only a boolean.
The only current workaround is dropping to DB::select(DB::raw(...)) with hand-written SQL.