Add a nice user-facing error for scalar subqueries inside VALUES clause

common/utils/src/main/resources/error/error-conditions.json

@@ -1821,6 +1821,12 @@
     ],
     "sqlState" : "42704"
   },
+  "INLINE_TABLE_CONTAINS_SCALAR_SUBQUERY" : {
+    "message" : [
+      "Scalar subqueries inside VALUES clause are not supported"
+    ],
+    "sqlState" : "0A000"
+  },
   "INSERT_COLUMN_ARITY_MISMATCH" : {
     "message" : [
       "Cannot write to <tableName>, the reason is"

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/CheckAnalysis.scala

@@ -250,6 +250,9 @@ trait CheckAnalysis extends PredicateHelper with LookupCatalog with QueryErrorsB
           context = u.origin.getQueryContext,
           summary = u.origin.context.summary)
 
+      case u: UnresolvedInlineTable if unresolvedInlineTableContainsScalarSubquery(u) =>
+        throw QueryCompilationErrors.inlineTableContainsScalarSubquery(u)
+
       case command: V2PartitionCommand =>
         command.table match {
           case r @ ResolvedTable(_, _, table, _) => table match {
@@ -1559,6 +1562,14 @@ trait CheckAnalysis extends PredicateHelper with LookupCatalog with QueryErrorsB
       case _ =>
     }
   }
+
+  private def unresolvedInlineTableContainsScalarSubquery(
+      unresolvedInlineTable: UnresolvedInlineTable
+  ) = {
+    unresolvedInlineTable.rows.exists { row =>
+      row.exists { _.isInstanceOf[ScalarSubquery] }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 // a heap of the preempted error that only keeps the top priority element, representing the sole

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/errors/QueryCompilationErrors.scala

@@ -4112,4 +4112,12 @@ private[sql] object QueryCompilationErrors extends QueryErrorsBase with Compilat
         "expr" -> expr.toString),
       origin = expr.origin)
   }
+
+  def inlineTableContainsScalarSubquery(inlineTable: LogicalPlan): Throwable = {
+    new AnalysisException(
+      errorClass = "INLINE_TABLE_CONTAINS_SCALAR_SUBQUERY",
+      messageParameters = Map(),
+      origin = inlineTable.origin
+    )
+  }
 }