pg_roaringbitmap

RoaringBitmap extension for PostgreSQL.

It's initial based on https://github.com/zeromax007/gpdb-roaringbitmap.

Introduction

Roaring bitmaps are compressed bitmaps which tend to outperform conventional compressed bitmaps such as WAH, EWAH or Concise. In some instances, roaring bitmaps can be hundreds of times faster and they often offer significantly better compression. They can even be faster than uncompressed bitmaps. More information https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/CRoaring .

Build

Requirements

• PostgreSQL 10+
• Other Requirements from https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/CRoaring

Build

su - postgres
make
sudo make install
psql -c "create extension roaringbitmap"

Note:You can use make -f Makefile_native instead of make to let the compiler use the SIMD instructions if it's supported by your CPU. In some scenarios, it may double the performance. But if you copy the pg_roaringbitmap binary which builded on machine with SIMD support to other machine without SIMD and run, you could get a SIGILL crash.

Test

make installcheck

Build on PostgreSQL 9.x or Greenplum 6.0

Parallel execution is not supported in PostgreSQL 9.5 and earlier. If you want to compile on these early PostgreSQL versions or Greenplum 6.0(based on PostgreSQL 9.4), you need to remove the PARALLEL keyword from these SQL files.

cd pg_roaringbitmap
sed 's/PARALLEL SAFE//g' -i roaringbitmap--*.sql
sed -z 's/,[ \r\n]*PARALLEL = SAFE//g' -i roaringbitmap--*.sql

Then refer to [Build] above for building, such as the steps to build on Greenplum 6.0:

Build

su - gpadmin
make
make install
psql -c "create extension roaringbitmap"

Test

sudo yum install 'perl(Data::Dumper)'
make installcheck

Since the expected output is based on PostgreSQL 10+, this test will not pass. Check the difference in the output file. If the execution results are the same, only the execution plan or other content that is not related to pg_roaringbitmap` is different, the test can be considered OK.

diff results/roaringbitmap.out expected/roaringbitmap_gpdb6.out

Usage

about roaringbitmap data type

Logically, you could think of roaringbitmap data type as bit(4294967296), and it should be noted that the integers added to bitmaps is considered to be unsigned. Within bitmaps, numbers are ordered according to uint32. We order the numbers like 0, 1, ..., 2147483647, -2147483648, -2147483647,..., -1. But we use bigint to reference the range of these integers, that is [0 4294967296).

input and ouput

Support two kind of input/output syntax 'array' and 'bytea', The default output format is 'bytea'.

postgres=# select roaringbitmap('{1,100,10}');
                 roaringbitmap
------------------------------------------------
 \x3a30000001000000000002001000000001000a006400
(1 row)

or

postgres=# select '\x3a30000001000000000002001000000001000a006400'::roaringbitmap;
                 roaringbitmap
------------------------------------------------
 \x3a30000001000000000002001000000001000a006400
(1 row)

output format can changed by roaringbitmap.output_format

postgres=# set roaringbitmap.output_format='bytea';
SET
postgres=# select '{1}'::roaringbitmap;
             roaringbitmap
----------------------------------------
 \x3a3000000100000000000000100000000100
(1 row)

postgres=# set roaringbitmap.output_format='array';
SET
postgres=# select '{1}'::roaringbitmap;
 roaringbitmap
---------------
 {1}
(1 row)

Use bitmap as type of column

CREATE TABLE t1 (id integer, bitmap roaringbitmap);

Build bitmap from integers

INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 1,rb_build(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,200]);

INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2,rb_build_agg(e) FROM generate_series(1,100) e;

Bitmap Calculation (OR, AND, XOR, ANDNOT)

SELECT roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') | roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}');
SELECT roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') & roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}');
SELECT roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') # roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}');
SELECT roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') - roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}');

Bitmap Aggregate (OR, AND, XOR, BUILD)

SELECT rb_or_agg(bitmap) FROM t1;
SELECT rb_and_agg(bitmap) FROM t1;
SELECT rb_xor_agg(bitmap) FROM t1;
SELECT rb_build_agg(e) FROM generate_series(1,100) e;

Calculate cardinality

SELECT rb_cardinality('{1,2,3}');

Convert bitmap to integer array

SELECT rb_to_array(bitmap) FROM t1 WHERE id = 1;

Convert bitmap to SET of integers

SELECT unnest(rb_to_array('{1,2,3}'::roaringbitmap));

or

SELECT rb_iterate('{1,2,3}'::roaringbitmap);

Opperator List

Opperator	Input	Output	Desc	Example	Result
&	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	bitwise AND	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') & roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	{3}
|	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	bitwise OR	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') | roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	{1,2,3,4,5}
|	roaringbitmap,integer	roaringbitmap	add element to roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') | 6	{1,2,3,6}
|	integer,roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	add element to roaringbitmap	6 | roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}')	{1,2,3,6}
#	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	bitwise XOR	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') # roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	{1,2,4,5}
<<	roaringbitmap,bigint	roaringbitmap	bitwise shift left	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') << 2	{0,1}
>>	roaringbitmap,bigint	roaringbitmap	bitwise shift right	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') >> 3	{4,5,6}
-	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	difference(bitwise ANDNOT)	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') - roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	{1,2}
-	roaringbitmap,integer	roaringbitmap	remove element from roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') - 3	{1,2}
@>	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bool	contains	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') @> roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	f
@>	roaringbitmap,integer	bool	contains	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3,4,5}') @> 3	t
<@	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bool	is contained by	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') <@ roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	f
<@	integer,roaringbitmap	bool	is contained by	3 <@ roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	t
&&	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bool	overlap (have elements in common)	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') && roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	t
=	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bool	equal	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') = roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	f
<>	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bool	not equal	roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}') <> roaringbitmap('{3,4,5}')	t

Function List

Function	Input	Output	Desc	Example	Result
rb_build	integer[]	roaringbitmap	Create roaringbitmap from integer array	rb_build('{1,2,3,4,5}')	{1,2,3,4,5}
rb_index	roaringbitmap,integer	bigint	Return the 0-based index of element in this roaringbitmap, or -1 if do not exsits	rb_index('{1,2,3}',3)	2
rb_cardinality	roaringbitmap	bigint	Return cardinality of the roaringbitmap	rb_cardinality('{1,2,3,4,5}')	5
rb_and_cardinality	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bigint	Return cardinality of the AND of two roaringbitmaps	rb_and_cardinality('{1,2,3}','{3,4,5}')	1
rb_or_cardinality	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bigint	Return cardinality of the OR of two roaringbitmaps	rb_or_cardinality('{1,2,3}','{3,4,5}')	5
rb_xor_cardinality	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bigint	Return cardinality of the XOR of two roaringbitmaps	rb_xor_cardinality('{1,2,3}','{3,4,5}')	4
rb_andnot_cardinality	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	bigint	Return cardinality of the ANDNOT of two roaringbitmaps	rb_andnot_cardinality('{1,2,3}','{3,4,5}')	2
rb_is_empty	roaringbitmap	boolean	Check if roaringbitmap is empty.	rb_is_empty('{1,2,3,4,5}')	t
rb_fill	roaringbitmap,range_start bigint,range_end bigint	roaringbitmap	Fill the specified range (not include the range_end)	rb_fill('{1,2,3}',5,7)	{1,2,3,5,6}
rb_clear	roaringbitmap,range_start bigint,range_end bigint	roaringbitmap	Clear the specified range (not include the range_end)	rb_clear('{1,2,3}',2,3)	{1,3}
rb_flip	roaringbitmap,range_start bigint,range_end bigint	roaringbitmap	Negative the specified range (not include the range_end)	rb_flip('{1,2,3}',2,10)	{1,4,5,6,7,8,9}
rb_range	roaringbitmap,range_start bigint,range_end bigint	roaringbitmap	Return new set with specified range (not include the range_end)	rb_range('{1,2,3}',2,3)	{2}
rb_range_cardinality	roaringbitmap,range_start bigint,range_end bigint	bigint	Return the cardinality of specified range (not include the range_end)	rb_range_cardinality('{1,2,3}',2,3)	1
rb_min	roaringbitmap	integer	Return the smallest offset in roaringbitmap. Return NULL if the bitmap is empty	rb_min('{1,2,3}')	1
rb_max	roaringbitmap	integer	Return the greatest offset in roaringbitmap. Return NULL if the bitmap is empty	rb_max('{1,2,3}')	3
rb_rank	roaringbitmap,integer	bigint	Return the number of elements that are smaller or equal to the specified offset	rb_rank('{1,2,3}',3)	3
rb_jaccard_dist	roaringbitmap,roaringbitmap	double precision	Return the jaccard distance(or the Jaccard similarity coefficient) of two bitmaps	rb_jaccard_dist('{1,2,3}','{3,4}')	0.25
rb_select	roaringbitmap,bitset_limit bigint,bitset_offset bigint=0,reverse boolean=false,range_start bigint=0,range_end bigint=4294967296	roaringbitmap	Return subset [bitset_offset,bitset_offset+bitset_limit) of bitmap between range [range_start,range_end)	rb_select('{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}',5,2)	{3,4,5,6,7}
rb_to_array	roaringbitmap	integer[]	Convert roaringbitmap to integer array	rb_to_array(roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}'))	{1,2,3}
rb_iterate	roaringbitmap	SET of integer	Return set of integer from a roaringbitmap data.	rb_iterate(roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}'))	1 2 3

Aggregation List

Function	Input	Output	Desc	Example	Result
rb_build_agg	integer	roaringbitmap	Build a roaringbitmap from a integer set	select rb_build_agg(id) from (values (1),(2),(3)) t(id)	{1,2,3}
rb_or_agg	roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	AND Aggregate calculations from a roaringbitmap set	select rb_or_agg(bitmap) from (values (roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}')), (roaringbitmap('{2,3,4}')) ) t(bitmap)	{1,2,3,4}
rb_and_agg	roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	AND Aggregate calculations from a roaringbitmap set	select rb_and_agg(bitmap) from (values (roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}')), (roaringbitmap('{2,3,4}')) ) t(bitmap)	{2,3}
rb_xor_agg	roaringbitmap	roaringbitmap	XOR Aggregate calculations from a roaringbitmap set	select rb_xor_agg(bitmap) from (values (roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}')), (roaringbitmap('{2,3,4}')) ) t(bitmap)	{1,4}
rb_or_cardinality_agg	roaringbitmap	bigint	OR Aggregate calculations from a roaringbitmap set, return cardinality.	select rb_or_cardinality_agg(bitmap) from (values (roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}')), (roaringbitmap('{2,3,4}')) ) t(bitmap)	4
rb_and_cardinality_agg	roaringbitmap	bigint	AND Aggregate calculations from a roaringbitmap set, return cardinality	select rb_and_cardinality_agg(bitmap) from (values (roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}')), (roaringbitmap('{2,3,4}')) ) t(bitmap)	2
rb_xor_cardinality_agg	roaringbitmap	bigint	XOR Aggregate calculations from a roaringbitmap set, return cardinality	select rb_xor_cardinality_agg(bitmap) from (values (roaringbitmap('{1,2,3}')), (roaringbitmap('{2,3,4}')) ) t(bitmap)	2

Cloud Vendor Support

pg_roaringbitmap is supported by the following cloud vendors

• Alibaba Cloud RDS PostgreSQL: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/142340.htm
• Huawei Cloud RDS PostgreSQL: https://support.huaweicloud.com/usermanual-rds/rds_09_0045.html
• Tencent Cloud RDS PostgreSQL: https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/409/67299

To request support for pg_roaringbitmap from other cloud vendors, please see the following:

• Amazon RDS: send an email to rds-postgres-extensions-request@amazon.com with the extension name and use case (docs)
• Google Cloud SQL: comment on this issue
• DigitalOcean Managed Databases: comment on this idea
• Azure Database for PostgreSQL: comment on this post