Add support for Python 3.12, update to umap-learn==0.5.6

[jameslamb]

Description

Contributes to rapidsai/build-planning#40

This PR adds support for Python 3.12.

Other changes required for this:

• updating umap-learn, 0.5.3 -> 0.5.6 (https://github.com/rapidsai/cuml/pull/6060/files#r1745915933)

Notes for Reviewers

This is part of ongoing work to add Python 3.12 support across RAPIDS.
It temporarily introduces a build/test matrix including Python 3.12, from rapidsai/shared-workflows#213.

A follow-up PR will revert back to pointing at the branch-24.10 branch of shared-workflows once all
RAPIDS repos have added Python 3.12 support.

This will fail until all dependencies have been updates to Python 3.12

CI here is expected to fail until all of this project's upstream dependencies support Python 3.12.

This can be merged whenever all CI jobs are passing.

[jameslamb]

umap-learn==0.5.3 does not have Python 3.12 packages on conda-forge, resulting in these build errors:

  LibMambaUnsatisfiableError: Encountered problems while solving:
    - package umap-learn-0.5.3-py310hff52083_0 requires python_abi 3.10.* *_cp310, but none of the providers can be installed
  
  Could not solve for environment specs
  The following packages are incompatible
  ...
  └─ umap-learn 0.5.3  is not installable because there are no viable options
     ├─ umap-learn 0.5.3 would require
     │  └─ python_abi 3.10.* *_cp310, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
     ├─ umap-learn 0.5.3 would require
     │  └─ python_abi 3.7.* *_cp37m, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
     ├─ umap-learn 0.5.3 would require
     │  └─ python_abi 3.8.* *_cp38, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
     ├─ umap-learn 0.5.3 would require
     │  └─ python_abi 3.9.* *_cp39, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
     └─ umap-learn 0.5.3 would require
        └─ python_abi 3.11.* *_cp311, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported.

(build link)

Proposing updating to the latest version (0.5.6).

[jameslamb]

Restarted CI here now that there are Python 3.12 packages for raft: rapidsai/raft#2428

Will put this up for review once I see enough of CI passing.

[bdice]

Looks good. I'm going to trigger a /merge before I end for the day, I see some Python 3.12 CI jobs passing so I'm hopeful this is going to work.

[bdice]

/merge

[jameslamb]

Thanks so much for all the help with this @bdice !

[bdice]

/merge